NNT ® 27-Мар-2015 10:50

The Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Sea


Year: 2008
Language: english
Author: Meltem Deniz Güner-Özbek
Genre: Hamburg Studies on Maritime Affairs, Volume 12
Publisher: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
ISBN: 978-3-540-75837-2
Format: PDF
Quality: eBook
Pages count: 375
Description: This book represents the Ph. D. study conducted at the Max-Planck Research School for Maritime Affairs at the University of Hamburg between 2004 and 2007.
The history of the carriage of dangerous goods by sea is as old as mankind itself.
The dangers inherent in the carriage of such goods have grown with the passage of time and the development of new technologies. In the days of the sailing vessel, the hazards of the sea were so great, due to the smallness of the ship, that the danger to the cargo alone was negligible. In many cases, the operator of the ship was either unaware that he was carrying dangerous goods or was transporting a single
commodity and had taken the necessary precautions. The only dangerous goods were rum, brandy and gunpowder. They were dangerous not by virtue of the substance but the combination. Although it might have been slightly uncomfortable to be near an exploding gunpowder cargo, the danger was rather limited.
Today much of this has changed. An ever-increasing number of goods are moved by sea at the present time. For many of these goods, the ship provides the most feasible mode of transport. Moreover, world trade depends to a large extent on the transport of dangerous goods. It is estimated that more than 50% of packed goods and bulk cargoes transported by sea today can be regarded as dangerous, hazardous or harmful to the environment. The cargoes concerned include products which are transported in bulk, such as solid or liquid chemicals, and other materials, gases and products for and from the oil-refinery industry, and wastes. Some of these substances, materials and articles are dangerous or hazardous from a safety point of view and are also harmful to the marine environment; others are only hazardous when carried in bulk and some may be considered as harmful to the marine environment. Between 10%-15% of cargoes transported in packed form,
including shipborne barges on barge-carrying ships, freight containers, bulk packaging, portable tanks, tank-containers, road tankers, swap-bodies, vehicles, trailers, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs), unit loads and other cargo transport units, fall under this criterion.
The recent growth registered in the carriage of dangerous goods has been attributed to a number of factors. One factor is that some commodities are no longer available in sufficient quantities and have been replaced by synthetic materials.
The production of synthetic materials often requires the use of dangerous substances. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the carriage of dangerous substances both in bulk and in packed form.

[Guner-Ozbek_M.D.]_The Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Sea-2008

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