Year: 2006 Language: english Author: Ohio State University Genre: Technical book Format: PDF Quality: eBook Pages count: 202 Description: Geodesy is the science of the measurement and mapping of the Earth’s surface, and being essentially an application of mathematics it makes use of coordinates and associated reference systems. The object of this course is to study the various local, regional, and global reference systems that are in use to describe coordinates of points on the Earth’s surface or in near space and to relate them to each other as well as to some "absolute" frame, visually, a celestial frame. As the name of the course implies, we deal mostly with the geometry of these systems, although the physics of the Earth plays a very important part. However, the relevant geophysics is discussed more comprehensively in other courses on gravimetric geodesy and geodynamics. Also, we do not treat the mapping of points and their coordinates onto the plane, that is, map projections. The purpose is mainly to explore the geometric definition of reference systems and their practical realization. To establish coordinates of points requires that we set up a coordinate system with origin, orientation, and scale defined in such a way that all users have access to these. Only until recently, the most accessible reference for coordinates from a global perspective was the celestial sphere of stars, that were used primarily for charting and navigation, but also served as a fundamental system to which other terrestrial coordinate systems could be oriented. Still today, the celestial reference system is used for that purpose and may be thought of as the ultimate in reference systems. At the next level, we define coordinate systems attached to the Earth with various origins (and perhaps different orientations and scale). We thus have two fundamental tasks before us: 1) to establish an external ("inertial") coordinate system of our local universe that we assume remains fixed in the sense of no rotation; and 2) to establish a coordinate system attached to our rotating and orbiting Earth, and in so doing to find the relationship between these two systems. In fact, we will develop the terrestrial coordinate system before discussing the celestial system, since the latter is almost trivial by comparison and the important aspects concern the transformation between the systems.
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Geometric Reference Systems in Geodesy
Language: english
Author: Ohio State University
Genre: Technical book
Format: PDF
Quality: eBook
Pages count: 202
Description: Geodesy is the science of the measurement and mapping of the Earth’s surface, and being
essentially an application of mathematics it makes use of coordinates and associated reference
systems. The object of this course is to study the various local, regional, and global reference
systems that are in use to describe coordinates of points on the Earth’s surface or in near space and
to relate them to each other as well as to some "absolute" frame, visually, a celestial frame. As the
name of the course implies, we deal mostly with the geometry of these systems, although the
physics of the Earth plays a very important part. However, the relevant geophysics is discussed
more comprehensively in other courses on gravimetric geodesy and geodynamics. Also, we do not
treat the mapping of points and their coordinates onto the plane, that is, map projections. The
purpose is mainly to explore the geometric definition of reference systems and their practical
realization.
To establish coordinates of points requires that we set up a coordinate system with origin,
orientation, and scale defined in such a way that all users have access to these. Only until recently,
the most accessible reference for coordinates from a global perspective was the celestial sphere of
stars, that were used primarily for charting and navigation, but also served as a fundamental system
to which other terrestrial coordinate systems could be oriented. Still today, the celestial reference
system is used for that purpose and may be thought of as the ultimate in reference systems. At the
next level, we define coordinate systems attached to the Earth with various origins (and perhaps
different orientations and scale). We thus have two fundamental tasks before us:
1) to establish an external ("inertial") coordinate system of our local universe that we
assume remains fixed in the sense of no rotation; and
2) to establish a coordinate system attached to our rotating and orbiting Earth, and in so
doing to find the relationship between these two systems.
In fact, we will develop the terrestrial coordinate system before discussing the celestial system,
since the latter is almost trivial by comparison and the important aspects concern the transformation
between the systems.
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