The Ship. The Life and Death of the Merchant Sailing Ship 1815-1965
Year: 1980 Language: english Author: Basil Greenhill Genre: History Publisher: HMSO - National Maritime Museum ISBN: 0112903177 Format: PDF Quality: Scanned pages Pages count: 68 Description: It's been almost customary to suggest that the expansion of Britain's world-wide trading empire, during the 19th century, was based principally on the steady development of the commercial steamship. The author, Basil Greenhill, makes clear in this volume that the great and glorious days of sail came not before, but after mid-century; the transition to the iron and steel cargo steamer was not completed until the late 1890s. During a score and more years after 1850, the square-rigged wooden (and subsequently iron) merchant vessel achieved its highest efficiency as a long-distance carrier. Although the steamer had wedged its way into the overseas trade, chiefly as a mail and passenger carrier, the evolving sailing ship dominated the ocean trades. They were faster than her predecessors, with double the space for cargo in proportion to tonnage, and manned by about one third the number of crew. Even when the opening of the Suez Canal, in 1869, reduced the longest gap between coaling stations from 5000 to 2000 miles, most of the traffic to the Bay of Bengal, the East Indies, South America or Australia, was still conducted by the sailing ship, the economic carrier. This situation changed radically in the 80s of the nineteenth century, with the help of steel boiler plates and tubes. In 1881, the SS Aberdeen, fitted with triple expansion engines, was launched from Napier's yard in Glasgow. She reached Melbourne within 42 days under a steam pressure of 125 lbs. By the end of 1884, with the improvement of boilers, the 150 mark had been reached, and in 1887 was passed. Shortly after, the 200 pressure per square inch requiring only a fraction more than a pound of coal per horse-power per hour, where the original low pressure engine had often required more than ten.
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The Ship. The Life and Death of the Merchant Sailing Ship 1815-1965
Language: english
Author: Basil Greenhill
Genre: History
Publisher: HMSO - National Maritime Museum
ISBN: 0112903177
Format: PDF
Quality: Scanned pages
Pages count: 68
Description: It's been almost customary to suggest that the expansion of Britain's world-wide trading empire, during the 19th century, was based principally on the steady development of the commercial steamship. The author, Basil Greenhill, makes clear in this volume that the great and glorious days of sail came not before, but after mid-century; the transition to the iron and steel cargo steamer was not completed until the late 1890s. During a score and more years after 1850, the square-rigged wooden (and subsequently iron) merchant vessel achieved its highest efficiency as a long-distance carrier.
Although the steamer had wedged its way into the overseas trade, chiefly as a mail and passenger carrier, the evolving sailing ship dominated the ocean trades. They were faster than her predecessors, with double the space for cargo in proportion to tonnage, and manned by about one third the number of crew. Even when the opening of the Suez Canal, in 1869, reduced the longest gap between coaling stations from 5000 to 2000 miles, most of the traffic to the Bay of Bengal, the East Indies, South America or Australia, was still conducted by the sailing ship, the economic carrier.
This situation changed radically in the 80s of the nineteenth century, with the help of steel boiler plates and tubes. In 1881, the SS Aberdeen, fitted with triple expansion engines, was launched from Napier's yard in Glasgow. She reached Melbourne within 42 days under a steam pressure of 125 lbs. By the end of 1884, with the improvement of boilers, the 150 mark had been reached, and in 1887 was passed. Shortly after, the 200 pressure per square inch requiring only a fraction more than a pound of coal per horse-power per hour, where the original low pressure engine had often required more than ten.
Contents
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The Ship. The Life and Death of the Merchant Sailing Ship 1815-1965.pdf
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