Year: 2016 Language: english Author: Mervin Fingas Genre: Other Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing Edition: 2nd Edition Format: PDF Quality: eBook Pages count: 2053 Description: Oil Spill Science and Technology, Second Edition, delivers a multi-contributed view on the entire chain of oil-spill related topics from oil properties and behaviors, to remote sensing through the management side of contingency planning and communicating oil spill risk perceptions. Completely new case studies are included with special attention to the Deepwater Horizon event, covering the impacts of wetlands and sand beaches, a mass balance approach, and the process for removing petroleum chemicals still trapped near Alabama beaches. Other new information on lingering oil left behind from the Exxon Valdez spill, the emergency system used in the Prestige incident, and coverage on the Heibei Spirit spill in Korea are also included. This updated edition combines technology with case studies to identify the current state of knowledge surrounding oil spills that will encourage additional areas of research that are left to uncover in this critical sector of the oil and gas industry. Updated with new chapters on risk analysis and communication, contingency planning, restoration, and case studies Supported with technological advances evolved from the Deepwater Horizon/BP oil tragedy and events in the Arctic/Antarctic Multi-contributed from various industry experts to provide an extensive background in technical equipment and worldwide procedures used today
Contents
Table of Contents Cover image Title page Copyright List of Contributors Preface Chapter 1. Oil Spills and Risk Perceptions 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Oil Spill Context 1.3. Social Concepts and Risk 1.4. Risk Concepts and Oil Spills 1.5. Conclusions Chapter 2. Quantification of Oil Spill Risk 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Vessel Spills 2.3. Well Blowouts 2.4. Spill and Blowout Risk Model2.5. Monte Carlo Forecast Model Simulation Results for Example Case 2.6. Crude-by-Rail Spills 2.7. Conclusions Chapter 3. Oil Physical Properties: Measurement and Correlation 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Bulk Properties of Crude Oil and Fuel Products 3.3. Hydrocarbon Groups 3.4. Quality Assurance and Control 3.5. Effects of Evaporative Weathering on Oil Bulk Properties Chapter 4. Chemical Fingerprints of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Fingerprinting Analysis of Petroleum Compounds 4.3. Chemical Components of Petroleum 4.4. Weathering Effect on Oil Chemical Composition Chapter 5. Oil Spill Remote Sensing 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Atmospheric Properties 5.3. Oil Interaction With Light and Electronic Waves 5.4. Visible Indications of Oil 5.5. Optical Sensors 5.6. Laser Fluorosensors5.7. Microwave Sensors 5.8. Slick Thickness Determination 5.9. Integrated Airborne Sensor Systems 5.10. Satellite Remote Sensing 5.11. Oil Under Ice Detection 5.12. Underwater Detection and Tracking 5.13. Small Remote-Controlled Aircraft 5.14. Real-Time Displays and Printers 5.15. Routine Surveillance 5.16. Future Trends 5.17. Recommendations Chapter 6. Oil Spill Detection Using Space-Borne Sentinel-1 SAR Imagery 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Materials and Methods 6.3. Results 6.4. Discussion and Conclusion Chapter 7. Laser Fluorosensors 7.1. Principles of Operation 7.2. Oil Classification 7.3. Existing Operational Units 7.4. Aircraft Requirements 7.5. Cost Estimates7.6. Conclusion Chapter 8. Introduction to Spill Modeling 8.1. Introduction 8.2. An Overview of Weathering 8.3. Evaporation 8.4. Water Uptake and Emulsification 8.5. Natural Dispersion 8.6. Other Processes 8.7. Movement of Oil and Oil Spill Modeling 8.8. Spill Modeling Chapter 9. Physical Spill Countermeasures on Water—Response in Fast Currents 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Origins of Fast Water Spills 9.3. Basics of Working in Fast Currents 9.4. Tactics 9.5. Safety 9.6. Special Conditions 9.7. Decision Guide 9.8. Calculations 9.9. Current Research 9.10. ConclusionsChapter 10. In Situ Burning: An Update 10.1. Introduction 10.2. An Overview of In Situ Burning 10.3. Detailed Science 10.4. Burn Emissions 10.5. Assessment of Feasibility of Burning 10.6. Burning on Water 10.7. Burning on Land and Wetlands 10.8. Burning in or on Ice 10.9. Equipment—Selection, Deployment, and Operation 10.10. Final Recovery of Residue 10.11. Possible Spill Situations 10.12. Postburn Actions 10.13. Health and Safety Precautions During Burning Chapter 11. Shoreline Countermeasures 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Shoreline Treatment Decision Process 11.3. Shoreline Treatment Strategies and Tactics 11.4. Treatment by Shore Type 11.5. Waste Generation Chapter 12. Bioremediation of Oil Spills on Land 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Brief Overview of Bioremediation Techniques for Land Oil Spills12.3. Key Organisms Involved in Biodegradation of Oil Spills on Land 12.4. Environmental Factors Affecting Bioremediation 12.5. In Situ Bioremediation Strategies 12.6. Ex Situ Bioremediation Strategies 12.7. Enhanced Bioremediation 12.8. Case Study: Kuwait Oil Spill 12.9. Conclusion Chapter 13. Sunken and Submerged Oil 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Sunken and Submerged Oil Characteristics 13.3. Sunken and Submerged Oil Spill Response Methods and Recommendations for Future Work Chapter 14. Oil Pollution in Antarctica 14.1. Introduction 14.2. Current Situation 14.3. Antarctic Environment 14.4. Antarctic Biota 14.5. Oil Behavior 14.6. Antarctic Treaty System 14.7. Remediation Techniques 14.8. Case Studies 14.9. ConclusionsChapter 15. Deepwater Horizon Well Blowout Mass Balance 15.1. Introduction 15.2. Scientific Background 15.3. The Macondo Blowout 15.4. The Fate and Removals of Oil on the Sea Surface 15.5. Subsurface Fate and Losses 15.6. Timing of the Losses and Additions 15.7. Calculation of Mass Balance 15.8. Conclusion Chapter 16. Assessing the Increase in Background Oil– Contamination Levels Along Alabama's Beaches Resulting From the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill 16.1. Introduction 16.2. Study Area 16.3. Background Oil Levels in Alabama's Beaches Prior to the Arrival of DWH Oil Spill 16.4. State of Alabama's Beaches During Active Oil Deposition Period (From June 2010 to August 2010) 16.5. State of Alabama's Beaches During the Cleanup Period (August 2010 to June 2013) 16.6. State of Alabama's Beaches During Post-cleanup Period (2013–14) 16.7. Post-cleanup Surveys Completed From 2015 to 2016 16.8. Laboratory Studies: Chemical Characterization of DWH Oil Spill Residues 16.9. Discussion 16.10. ConclusionsList of Abbreviations Chapter 17. Remote Sensing of Oil Slicks for the Deepwater Horizon Damage Assessment 17.1. Introduction 17.2. Methods 17.3. Results 17.4. Discussion 17.5. Conclusion and Recommendations Chapter 18. The Hebei Spirit Oil Spill, 2007 18.1. Introduction 18.2. Response at Sea and On Shore 18.3. The Issue of Submerged Oil 18.4. Oil Contamination in the Environment 18.5. Biological and Ecological Effects 18.6. Conclusion Chapter 19. Health Aspects of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill 19.1. Introduction 19.2. Acute Health Effects 19.3. Long-Term Health Effects 19.4. Mothers and Children's Environmental Health Study 19.5. Environmental Health Contingency Plan in Oil Spill Disasters 19.6. Future NeedsChapter 20. Recent Studies on the Effects of Oil 20.1. Introduction 20.2. Some Historical Background 20.3. Oil and Fish: A Paradigm Shift 20.4. Fish Studies Post–Deepwater Horizon 20.5. Marine Mammals and Oil: Early Studies 20.6. The Exxon Valdez and Killer Whales: Circumstantial but Compelling 20.7. Dolphins and the Deepwater Horizon: “Uncommon Disease Conditions” 20.8. Oil and Sea Turtles: Known Risk but Little Information 20.9. Conclusion Conversions Index
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Oil Spill Science and Technology
Year: 2016
Language: english
Author: Mervin Fingas
Genre: Other
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Edition: 2nd Edition
Format: PDF
Quality: eBook
Pages count: 2053
Description: Oil Spill Science and Technology, Second Edition, delivers a multi-contributed view on the entire chain of oil-spill related topics from oil properties and behaviors, to remote sensing through the management side of contingency planning and communicating oil spill risk perceptions.
Completely new case studies are included with special attention to the Deepwater Horizon event, covering the impacts of wetlands and sand beaches, a mass balance approach, and the process for removing petroleum chemicals still trapped near Alabama beaches. Other new information on lingering oil left behind from the Exxon Valdez spill, the emergency system used in the Prestige incident, and coverage on the Heibei Spirit spill in Korea are also included.
This updated edition combines technology with case studies to identify the current state of knowledge surrounding oil spills that will encourage additional areas of research that are left to uncover in this critical sector of the oil and gas industry.
Updated with new chapters on risk analysis and communication, contingency planning, restoration, and case studies
Supported with technological advances evolved from the Deepwater Horizon/BP oil tragedy and events in the Arctic/Antarctic
Multi-contributed from various industry experts to provide an extensive background in technical equipment and worldwide procedures used today
Contents
Table of ContentsCover image
Title page
Copyright
List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Oil Spills and Risk Perceptions
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Oil Spill Context
1.3. Social Concepts and Risk
1.4. Risk Concepts and Oil Spills
1.5. Conclusions
Chapter 2. Quantification of Oil Spill Risk
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Vessel Spills
2.3. Well Blowouts
2.4. Spill and Blowout Risk Model2.5. Monte Carlo Forecast Model Simulation Results for Example Case
2.6. Crude-by-Rail Spills
2.7. Conclusions
Chapter 3. Oil Physical Properties: Measurement and Correlation
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Bulk Properties of Crude Oil and Fuel Products
3.3. Hydrocarbon Groups
3.4. Quality Assurance and Control
3.5. Effects of Evaporative Weathering on Oil Bulk Properties
Chapter 4. Chemical Fingerprints of Crude Oils and Petroleum
Products
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Fingerprinting Analysis of Petroleum Compounds
4.3. Chemical Components of Petroleum
4.4. Weathering Effect on Oil Chemical Composition
Chapter 5. Oil Spill Remote Sensing
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Atmospheric Properties
5.3. Oil Interaction With Light and Electronic Waves
5.4. Visible Indications of Oil
5.5. Optical Sensors
5.6. Laser Fluorosensors5.7. Microwave Sensors
5.8. Slick Thickness Determination
5.9. Integrated Airborne Sensor Systems
5.10. Satellite Remote Sensing
5.11. Oil Under Ice Detection
5.12. Underwater Detection and Tracking
5.13. Small Remote-Controlled Aircraft
5.14. Real-Time Displays and Printers
5.15. Routine Surveillance
5.16. Future Trends
5.17. Recommendations
Chapter 6. Oil Spill Detection Using Space-Borne Sentinel-1 SAR
Imagery
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Materials and Methods
6.3. Results
6.4. Discussion and Conclusion
Chapter 7. Laser Fluorosensors
7.1. Principles of Operation
7.2. Oil Classification
7.3. Existing Operational Units
7.4. Aircraft Requirements
7.5. Cost Estimates7.6. Conclusion
Chapter 8. Introduction to Spill Modeling
8.1. Introduction
8.2. An Overview of Weathering
8.3. Evaporation
8.4. Water Uptake and Emulsification
8.5. Natural Dispersion
8.6. Other Processes
8.7. Movement of Oil and Oil Spill Modeling
8.8. Spill Modeling
Chapter 9. Physical Spill Countermeasures on Water—Response in
Fast Currents
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Origins of Fast Water Spills
9.3. Basics of Working in Fast Currents
9.4. Tactics
9.5. Safety
9.6. Special Conditions
9.7. Decision Guide
9.8. Calculations
9.9. Current Research
9.10. ConclusionsChapter 10. In Situ Burning: An Update
10.1. Introduction
10.2. An Overview of In Situ Burning
10.3. Detailed Science
10.4. Burn Emissions
10.5. Assessment of Feasibility of Burning
10.6. Burning on Water
10.7. Burning on Land and Wetlands
10.8. Burning in or on Ice
10.9. Equipment—Selection, Deployment, and Operation
10.10. Final Recovery of Residue
10.11. Possible Spill Situations
10.12. Postburn Actions
10.13. Health and Safety Precautions During Burning
Chapter 11. Shoreline Countermeasures
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Shoreline Treatment Decision Process
11.3. Shoreline Treatment Strategies and Tactics
11.4. Treatment by Shore Type
11.5. Waste Generation
Chapter 12. Bioremediation of Oil Spills on Land
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Brief Overview of Bioremediation Techniques for Land Oil Spills12.3. Key Organisms Involved in Biodegradation of Oil Spills on Land
12.4. Environmental Factors Affecting Bioremediation
12.5. In Situ Bioremediation Strategies
12.6. Ex Situ Bioremediation Strategies
12.7. Enhanced Bioremediation
12.8. Case Study: Kuwait Oil Spill
12.9. Conclusion
Chapter 13. Sunken and Submerged Oil
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Sunken and Submerged Oil Characteristics
13.3. Sunken and Submerged Oil Spill Response Methods and
Recommendations for Future Work
Chapter 14. Oil Pollution in Antarctica
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Current Situation
14.3. Antarctic Environment
14.4. Antarctic Biota
14.5. Oil Behavior
14.6. Antarctic Treaty System
14.7. Remediation Techniques
14.8. Case Studies
14.9. ConclusionsChapter 15. Deepwater Horizon Well Blowout Mass Balance
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Scientific Background
15.3. The Macondo Blowout
15.4. The Fate and Removals of Oil on the Sea Surface
15.5. Subsurface Fate and Losses
15.6. Timing of the Losses and Additions
15.7. Calculation of Mass Balance
15.8. Conclusion
Chapter 16. Assessing the Increase in Background Oil–
Contamination Levels Along Alabama's Beaches Resulting From the
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Study Area
16.3. Background Oil Levels in Alabama's Beaches Prior to the Arrival of
DWH Oil Spill
16.4. State of Alabama's Beaches During Active Oil Deposition Period (From
June 2010 to August 2010)
16.5. State of Alabama's Beaches During the Cleanup Period (August 2010 to
June 2013)
16.6. State of Alabama's Beaches During Post-cleanup Period (2013–14)
16.7. Post-cleanup Surveys Completed From 2015 to 2016
16.8. Laboratory Studies: Chemical Characterization of DWH Oil Spill
Residues
16.9. Discussion
16.10. ConclusionsList of Abbreviations
Chapter 17. Remote Sensing of Oil Slicks for the Deepwater Horizon
Damage Assessment
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Methods
17.3. Results
17.4. Discussion
17.5. Conclusion and Recommendations
Chapter 18. The Hebei Spirit Oil Spill, 2007
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Response at Sea and On Shore
18.3. The Issue of Submerged Oil
18.4. Oil Contamination in the Environment
18.5. Biological and Ecological Effects
18.6. Conclusion
Chapter 19. Health Aspects of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill
19.1. Introduction
19.2. Acute Health Effects
19.3. Long-Term Health Effects
19.4. Mothers and Children's Environmental Health Study
19.5. Environmental Health Contingency Plan in Oil Spill Disasters
19.6. Future NeedsChapter 20. Recent Studies on the Effects of Oil
20.1. Introduction
20.2. Some Historical Background
20.3. Oil and Fish: A Paradigm Shift
20.4. Fish Studies Post–Deepwater Horizon
20.5. Marine Mammals and Oil: Early Studies
20.6. The Exxon Valdez and Killer Whales: Circumstantial but Compelling
20.7. Dolphins and the Deepwater Horizon: “Uncommon Disease Conditions”
20.8. Oil and Sea Turtles: Known Risk but Little Information
20.9. Conclusion
Conversions
Index
Screenshots
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