Implementing e-Navigation - John Erik Hagen [2017, PDF]

Contents

Contents
Acknowledgments ix
1
Introduction to e-Navigation 1
1.1 What Is e-Navigation? 1
1.2 The Vision of e-Navigation 3
1.3 Development of e-Navigation 4
1.3.1 The e-Navigation Concept 4
1.3.2 e-Navigation Is a Collective Task 7
1.3.3 Approaches toward a Global e-Navigation System 8
1.3.4 Industry’s Role 11
1.3.5 Ownership of e-Navigation 14
1.3.6 Concerns about e-Navigation 17
1.4 Aims and Objectives of e-Navigation 19
1.4.1 Safety Including Reducing Accidents 19
1.4.2 Efficiency and Reduced Costs 21
1.4.3 Use of e-Navigation in Security 21
1.4.4 Use of e-Navigation and Cybersecurity 23
1.4.5 Protection of the Environment 26
1.4.6 Global and Technical Standardization 29
1.4.7 Communications 31
1.4.8 Training and Familiarization 33
2
Maritime Navigation:
Current Equipment and Practices 37
2.1 Navigational Equipment, Systems, Displays, and Bridge Systems 37
2.2 Ship Reporting and Shore-Based Services 47
2.3 Communications and Interoperability 53
2.4 Challenges in VTS and Port Areas 58
3
Performance Gaps 65
3.1 Identifying User Needs 65
3.2 Gap Analysis 76
3.3 Solutions Identified by the Gap Analysis 81
3.4 e-Navigation Development by IHO and IALA 85
3.4.1 IHO 85
3.4.2 IALA 89
4
e-Navigation Solutions 93
4.1 Introduction to e-Navigation Solutions 93
4.2 Further Development 94
Solution 2: Means for Standardized and Automatic Ship Reporting 95
4.2.3 Solution 3: Improved Reliability, Resilience, and Integrity of
Bridge Equipment and Navigation Information 96
4.2.4 Solution 4: Integration and Presentation of Available Information in
Graphical Displays Received via Communication Equipment 96
4.2.5 Solution 5: MSPs 97
4.3 Examples of Implementing e-Navigation 102
4.3.1 Canada 102
4.3.2 The United States 106
4.3.3 Norway 112
4.3.4 Australia 117
4.4 Expectations of Maritime Equipment Manufacturers 122
4.5 Communications 128
4.6 The Link 131
5
Standards 135
5.1 The IMO Process 135
5.1.1 Royal Majesty 140
5.2 e-Navigation Choices of Standards and Guidelines 143
5.2.1 Adding New Modules to the Revised Performance Standards for
INSs (Resolution MSC.252 (83) Adoption of the Revised Performance Standards for
Integrated Navigation Systems (INS)) 146
5.2.2 Draft Guidelines on Standardized Modes of Operation 147
5.2.3 Revision of the Guidelines and Criteria for
Ship Reporting Systems (Resolution MSC.43(64)) 148
5.2.4 Revision of the General Requirements for
Shipborne Radio Equipment Forming Part of the GMDSS and for
Electronic Navigational Aids (Resolution A.684(17)) 150
5.2.5 Draft Guidelines for the Harmonized Display of Navigation Information
Received via Communications Equipment 151
5.2.6 MSPs 152
5.3 Carriage Requirements for e-Navigation 155
6
The Future 159
6.1 Introduction to the Future 159
6.2 Digital Globalization 160
6.3 Challenges 163
6.4 Ships, Ports, and VTSs in the Future 165
6.4.1 Future VTS 168
6.4.2 The Future Port 169
6.5 Moving e-Navigation Onboard and Ashore 171
6.6 Skills and Training 175
6.7 Unmanned Ships 178
6.8 Big Data 180
6.9 Managing the Environmental Impact of Shipping 183
6.10 Presenting the Future 188
About the Author 193
Index 195