Year: 2002 Language: english Author: Unknown Genre: Handbook Format: PDF Quality: Unknown Pages count: 563 Description: The Naval Observatory library in Washington, D.C., is unnaturally quiet. It is a large circular room, filled with thousands of books. Its acoustics are perfect; a mere whisper from the room’s open circular balcony can be easily heard by those standing on the ground floor. A fountain in the center of the ground floor softly breaks the room’s silence as its water stream slowly splashes into a small pool. A library clerk will lead you into a small antechamber where there is a vault containing the Observatory’s most rare books. In this vault, one can find an original 1802 first edition of the New American Practical Navigator. One cannot hold this small, delicate, slipcovered book without being impressed by the nearly 200-year unbroken chain of publication that it has enjoyed. It sailed on U.S. merchantmen shortly after the quasi-war with France and during British impressment of merchant seamen that led to the War of 1812. It sailed on U.S. Naval vessels during operations against Mexico in the 1840’s, on ships of both the Union and Confederate fleets during the Civil War, and with the U.S. Navy in Cuba in 1898. It went with the Great White Fleet around the world, across the North Atlantic to Europe during both World Wars, to Asia during the Korean and Vietnam Wars, and to the Middle East during Operation Desert Storm. As navigational requirements and procedures have changed throughout the years, Bowditch has changed with them. Originally devoted almost exclusively to celestial navigation, it now also covers a host of modern topics. It is as practical today as it was when Nathaniel Bowditch, master of the Putnam, gathered the crew on deck and taught them the mathematics involved in calculating lunar distances. It is that practicality that has been the publication’s greatest strength. It is that practicality that makes the publication as useful today as it was in the age of sail. Seafarers have long memories. In no other profession is tradition more closely guarded. Even the oldest and most cynical acknowledge the special bond that connects those who have made their livelihood plying the sea. This bond is not comprised of a single strand; rather, it is a rich and varied tapestry that stretches from the present back to the birth of our nation and its seafaring culture. As this book is a part of that tapestry, it should not be lightly regarded; rather, it should be preserved, as much for its historical importance as for its practical utility. Since antiquity, mariners have gathered available navigation information and put it into a text for others to follow. One of the first attempts at this involved volumes of Spanish and Portuguese navigational manuals translated into English between about 1550 to 1750. Writers and translators of the time “borrowed” freely in compiling navigational texts, a practice which continues today with works such as Sailing Directions and Pilots. Colonial and early American navigators depended exclusively on English navigation texts because there were no American editions. The first American navigational text, Orthodoxal Navigation, was completed by Benjamin Hubbard in 1656. The first American navigation text published in America was Captain Thomas Truxton’s Remarks, Instructions, and Examples Relating to the Latitude and Longitude; also the Variation of the Compass, Etc., Etc., published in 1794. The most popular navigational text of the late 18th century was John Hamilton Moore’s The New Practical Navigator. Edmund M. Blunt, a Newburyport publisher, decided to issue a revised copy of this work for American navigators. Blunt convinced Nathaniel Bowditch, a locally famous mariner and mathematician, to revise and update The New Practical Navigator. Several other men also assisted in the revision. Blunt’s The New Practical Navigator was published in 1799. Blunt also published a second American edition of Hamilton’s book in 1800. By 1802, when Blunt was ready to publish a third edition, Nathaniel Bowditch and others had corrected so many errors in Hamilton’s work that Blunt decided to issue the work as a first edition of the New American Practical Navigator. It is to that 1802 work that the current edition of the American Practical Navigator traces its pedigree. The New American Practical Navigator stayed in the Bowditch and Blunt family until the government bought the copyright in 1867. Edmund M. Blunt published the book until 1833; upon his retirement, his sons, Edmund and George, took over publication.The elder Blunt died in 1862; his son Edmund followed in 1866. The next year, 1867, George Blunt sold the copyright to the government for $25,000. The government has published Bowditch ever since. George Blunt died in 1878. Nathaniel Bowditch continued to correct and revise the book until his death in 1838. Upon his death, the editorial responsibility for the American Practical Navigator passed to his son, J. Ingersoll Bowditch. Ingersoll Bowditch continued editing the Navigator until George Blunt sold the copyright to the government. He outlived all of the principals involved in publishing and editing the Navigator, dying in 1889. The U.S. government has published some 52 editions since acquiring the copyright to the book that has come to be known simply by its original author’s name, “Bowditch”. Since the government began production, the book has been known by its year of publishing, instead of by the ediviii tion number. During a revision in 1880 by Commander Phillip H. Cooper, USN, the name was changed to American Practical Navigator. Bowditch’s original method of taking “lunars” was finally dropped from the book in 1914. After several more minor revisions and printings, Bowditch was extensively revised between 1946 and 1958. The present volume, while retaining the basic format of the 1958 version, reorganizes the subjects, deletes obsolete text, and adds new material to keep pace with the extensive changes in navigation that have taken place in the electronic age. This 1995 edition of the American Practical Navigator incorporates extensive changes in organization, format, and content. Recent advances in navigational electronics, communications, positioning, and other technologies have transformed the way navigation is practiced at sea, and it is clear that even more changes are forthcoming. The changes to this edition of BOWDITCH are intended to ensure that this publication remains the premier reference work for practical marine navigation. Concerted efforts were made to return to Nathaniel Bowditch’s original intention “to put down in the book nothing I can’t teach the crew.” To this end, many complex formulas and equations have been eliminated, and emphasis placed on the capabilities and limitations of various navigation systems and how to use them, instead of explaining complex technical and theoretical details. This edition replaces but does not cancel former editions, which may be retained and consulted as to navigation methods not discussed herein. The former Volume II has been incorporated into this volume to save space and production cost. A larger page size has also been chosen for similar reasons. These two changes allow us to present a single, comprehensive navigation science reference which explains modern navigational methods while respecting traditional ones. The goal of the changes is to put as much useful information before the navigator as possible in the most understandable and readable format. TAB 1, FUNDAMENTALS, has been reorganized to include an overview of the types and phases of marine navigation and the organizations which support and regulate it. It includes chapters relating to the structure, use and limitations of nautical charts; chart datums and their importance; and other material of a basic nature. The former chapter on the history of navigation has been largely removed. Historical facts are included in the text where necessary to explain present practices or conventions. TAB 2, PILOTING, now emphasizes the practical aspects of navigating a vessel in restricted waters. TAB 3, ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION, returns to the position it held in the 1958 edition. Electronic systems are now the primary means of positioning of the modern navigator. Chapters deal with each of the several electronic methods of navigation, organized by type. TAB 4, CELESTIAL NAVIGATION, has been streamlined and updated. The text in this section contains updated examples and problems and a completely re-edited sight reduction chapter. Extracts from necessary tables have been added to the body of the text for easier reference. TAB 5, NAVIGATIONAL MATHEMATICS, includes chapters relating to such topics as basic navigational mathematics and computer use in the solution of navigation problems. TAB 6, NAVIGATIONAL SAFETY, discusses aspects of the new distress and safety communications systems now in place or being implemented in the next several years, as well as navigation regulations, emergency navigation procedures, and distress communications. TAB 7, OCEANOGRAPHY, is updated and consolidated, but largely unchanged from the former edition. TAB 8, MARINE METEOROLOGY, (formerly WEATHER) incorporates new weather routing and forecasting methods and material from former appendices. Included are new color plates of the Beaufort Sea States (Courtesy of Environment Canada). The Glossary has been extensively edited and updated with modern navigational terms, including computer terminology. This edition was produced largely electronically from start to finish, using the latest in publishing software and data transfer techniques to provide a very flexible production system. This ensures not only that this book is the most efficiently produced ever, but also that it can be easily updated and improved when it again becomes dated, as it surely will. The masculine pronoun “he” used throughout is meant to refer to both genders. This book may be kept corrected using the Notice to Mariners and Summary of Corrections. Suggestions and comments for changes and additions may be sent to: MARINE NAVIGATION DEPARTMENT ST D 44 NATIONAL IMAGERY AND MAPPING AGENCY 4600 SANGAMORE ROAD BETHESDA, MD 20816-5003 This book could not have been produced without the expertise of dedicated personnel from many organizations, among them: U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Naval Academy, U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, Fleet Training Center (Norfolk), Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (Monterey), the U.S. Naval Observatory, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, the National Ocean Service, and the National Weather Service. In addition to official government expertise, we appreciate the contributions of private organizations, in particular the Institute of Navigation, and other organizations and individuals too numerous to mention by name. Mariners worldwide can be grateful for the experience, dedication, and professionalism of the people who generously gave their time in this effort.
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BAWDICH American Practical Navigator
Language: english
Author: Unknown
Genre: Handbook
Format: PDF
Quality: Unknown
Pages count: 563
Description: The Naval Observatory library in Washington, D.C., is
unnaturally quiet. It is a large circular room, filled with
thousands of books. Its acoustics are perfect; a mere whisper
from the room’s open circular balcony can be easily
heard by those standing on the ground floor. A fountain in
the center of the ground floor softly breaks the room’s silence
as its water stream slowly splashes into a small pool.
A library clerk will lead you into a small antechamber
where there is a vault containing the Observatory’s most
rare books. In this vault, one can find an original 1802 first
edition of the New American Practical Navigator.
One cannot hold this small, delicate, slipcovered book
without being impressed by the nearly 200-year unbroken
chain of publication that it has enjoyed. It sailed on U.S.
merchantmen shortly after the quasi-war with France and
during British impressment of merchant seamen that led to
the War of 1812. It sailed on U.S. Naval vessels during operations
against Mexico in the 1840’s, on ships of both the
Union and Confederate fleets during the Civil War, and
with the U.S. Navy in Cuba in 1898. It went with the Great
White Fleet around the world, across the North Atlantic to
Europe during both World Wars, to Asia during the Korean
and Vietnam Wars, and to the Middle East during Operation
Desert Storm.
As navigational requirements and procedures have
changed throughout the years, Bowditch has changed with
them. Originally devoted almost exclusively to celestial
navigation, it now also covers a host of modern topics. It is
as practical today as it was when Nathaniel Bowditch, master
of the Putnam, gathered the crew on deck and taught
them the mathematics involved in calculating lunar distances.
It is that practicality that has been the publication’s
greatest strength. It is that practicality that makes the publication
as useful today as it was in the age of sail.
Seafarers have long memories. In no other profession
is tradition more closely guarded. Even the oldest and most
cynical acknowledge the special bond that connects those
who have made their livelihood plying the sea. This bond is
not comprised of a single strand; rather, it is a rich and varied
tapestry that stretches from the present back to the birth
of our nation and its seafaring culture. As this book is a part
of that tapestry, it should not be lightly regarded; rather, it
should be preserved, as much for its historical importance
as for its practical utility.
Since antiquity, mariners have gathered available navigation
information and put it into a text for others to
follow. One of the first attempts at this involved volumes of
Spanish and Portuguese navigational manuals translated
into English between about 1550 to 1750. Writers and
translators of the time “borrowed” freely in compiling navigational
texts, a practice which continues today with works
such as Sailing Directions and Pilots.
Colonial and early American navigators depended exclusively
on English navigation texts because there were no
American editions. The first American navigational text,
Orthodoxal Navigation, was completed by Benjamin Hubbard
in 1656. The first American navigation text published
in America was Captain Thomas Truxton’s Remarks, Instructions,
and Examples Relating to the Latitude and
Longitude; also the Variation of the Compass, Etc., Etc.,
published in 1794.
The most popular navigational text of the late 18th century
was John Hamilton Moore’s The New Practical
Navigator. Edmund M. Blunt, a Newburyport publisher,
decided to issue a revised copy of this work for American
navigators. Blunt convinced Nathaniel Bowditch, a locally
famous mariner and mathematician, to revise and update
The New Practical Navigator. Several other men also assisted
in the revision. Blunt’s The New Practical Navigator
was published in 1799. Blunt also published a second
American edition of Hamilton’s book in 1800.
By 1802, when Blunt was ready to publish a third edition,
Nathaniel Bowditch and others had corrected so many
errors in Hamilton’s work that Blunt decided to issue the
work as a first edition of the New American Practical Navigator.
It is to that 1802 work that the current edition of the
American Practical Navigator traces its pedigree.
The New American Practical Navigator stayed in the
Bowditch and Blunt family until the government bought the
copyright in 1867. Edmund M. Blunt published the book
until 1833; upon his retirement, his sons, Edmund and
George, took over publication.The elder Blunt died in
1862; his son Edmund followed in 1866. The next year,
1867, George Blunt sold the copyright to the government
for $25,000. The government has published Bowditch ever
since. George Blunt died in 1878.
Nathaniel Bowditch continued to correct and revise the
book until his death in 1838. Upon his death, the editorial responsibility
for the American Practical Navigator passed to
his son, J. Ingersoll Bowditch. Ingersoll Bowditch continued
editing the Navigator until George Blunt sold the copyright
to the government. He outlived all of the principals involved
in publishing and editing the Navigator, dying in 1889.
The U.S. government has published some 52 editions
since acquiring the copyright to the book that has come to
be known simply by its original author’s name, “Bowditch”.
Since the government began production, the book has
been known by its year of publishing, instead of by the ediviii
tion number. During a revision in 1880 by Commander
Phillip H. Cooper, USN, the name was changed to American
Practical Navigator. Bowditch’s original method of
taking “lunars” was finally dropped from the book in 1914.
After several more minor revisions and printings, Bowditch
was extensively revised between 1946 and 1958.
The present volume, while retaining the basic format of the
1958 version, reorganizes the subjects, deletes obsolete text, and
adds new material to keep pace with the extensive changes in
navigation that have taken place in the electronic age.
This 1995 edition of the American Practical Navigator
incorporates extensive changes in organization, format, and
content. Recent advances in navigational electronics, communications,
positioning, and other technologies have
transformed the way navigation is practiced at sea, and it is
clear that even more changes are forthcoming. The changes to
this edition of BOWDITCH are intended to ensure that this
publication remains the premier reference work for practical
marine navigation. Concerted efforts were made to return to
Nathaniel Bowditch’s original intention “to put down in the
book nothing I can’t teach the crew.” To this end, many complex
formulas and equations have been eliminated, and
emphasis placed on the capabilities and limitations of various
navigation systems and how to use them, instead of explaining
complex technical and theoretical details. This edition replaces
but does not cancel former editions, which may be retained and
consulted as to navigation methods not discussed herein.
The former Volume II has been incorporated into this
volume to save space and production cost. A larger page size
has also been chosen for similar reasons. These two changes
allow us to present a single, comprehensive navigation science
reference which explains modern navigational methods
while respecting traditional ones. The goal of the changes is
to put as much useful information before the navigator as
possible in the most understandable and readable format.
TAB 1, FUNDAMENTALS, has been reorganized to
include an overview of the types and phases of marine navigation
and the organizations which support and regulate it.
It includes chapters relating to the structure, use and limitations
of nautical charts; chart datums and their importance;
and other material of a basic nature. The former chapter on
the history of navigation has been largely removed. Historical
facts are included in the text where necessary to explain
present practices or conventions.
TAB 2, PILOTING, now emphasizes the practical aspects
of navigating a vessel in restricted waters.
TAB 3, ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION, returns to the
position it held in the 1958 edition. Electronic systems are
now the primary means of positioning of the modern navigator.
Chapters deal with each of the several electronic
methods of navigation, organized by type.
TAB 4, CELESTIAL NAVIGATION, has been streamlined
and updated. The text in this section contains updated
examples and problems and a completely re-edited sight reduction
chapter. Extracts from necessary tables have been
added to the body of the text for easier reference.
TAB 5, NAVIGATIONAL MATHEMATICS, includes
chapters relating to such topics as basic navigational mathematics
and computer use in the solution of navigation problems.
TAB 6, NAVIGATIONAL SAFETY, discusses aspects
of the new distress and safety communications
systems now in place or being implemented in the next several
years, as well as navigation regulations, emergency
navigation procedures, and distress communications.
TAB 7, OCEANOGRAPHY, is updated and consolidated,
but largely unchanged from the former edition.
TAB 8, MARINE METEOROLOGY, (formerly
WEATHER) incorporates new weather routing and forecasting
methods and material from former appendices.
Included are new color plates of the Beaufort Sea States
(Courtesy of Environment Canada).
The Glossary has been extensively edited and updated with
modern navigational terms, including computer terminology.
This edition was produced largely electronically from
start to finish, using the latest in publishing software and data
transfer techniques to provide a very flexible production system.
This ensures not only that this book is the most
efficiently produced ever, but also that it can be easily updated
and improved when it again becomes dated, as it surely will.
The masculine pronoun “he” used throughout is meant
to refer to both genders.
This book may be kept corrected using the Notice to
Mariners and Summary of Corrections. Suggestions and
comments for changes and additions may be sent to:
MARINE NAVIGATION DEPARTMENT
ST D 44
NATIONAL IMAGERY AND MAPPING AGENCY
4600 SANGAMORE ROAD
BETHESDA, MD 20816-5003
This book could not have been produced without the
expertise of dedicated personnel from many organizations,
among them: U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Naval Academy, U.S.
Naval Oceanographic Office, Fleet Training Center (Norfolk),
Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography
Center (Monterey), the U.S. Naval Observatory, U.S. Merchant
Marine Academy, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey,
the National Ocean Service, and the National Weather Service.
In addition to official government expertise, we
appreciate the contributions of private organizations, in
particular the Institute of Navigation, and other organizations
and individuals too numerous to mention by name.
Mariners worldwide can be grateful for the experience,
dedication, and professionalism of the people who generously
gave their time in this effort.
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The American Practical Navigator (Pub. No. 9) - Nathaniel Bowditch [2004, PDF]
Author: Nathaniel Bowditch | Year: 2004 | Language: english | Format: PDF | Quality: eBook | Pages count: 883 | Genre: Reference book
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