Year: 2012 Language: portuguese Author: Directorate of Ports and Coasts - BRAZIL Genre: Textbook Publisher: DPC Edition: Third Format: PDF Quality: eBook Pages count: 192 Description: Communications are part of our daily routine: it's a landline or mobile phone call, an email on the Internet, a TV or radio program. Within the scope of communications Nowadays, in addition to short-distance visual communications, we also have radio communications, including satellite communications, in a wide variety of ways, as well as the use of modern digital technologies. In 1876 Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Watson, while working on a telegraph – electromagnetic telegraph devices had been developed in 1837 – accidentally invented the telephone. When Watson connected his switch to an electrical line, Bell heard a noise in the next room. By accident, Watson's screwdriver had caused the metal discs to vibrate. Thus, the two researchers began to carry out tests also with the voice, in which they were successful. The radio followed the phone and worked in a similar condition. In 1886, the German Heinrich Hertz first proved the existence of electromagnet waves. The Italian Guglielmo Marconi developed the wireless telegraph between 1895 and 1897, creating an antenna that could receive electromagnetic waves. Soon, it could transmit signals over a distance of three kilometers. At sea, radio was the basis of the warning and safety systems used by ships, and its first use to save lives at sea occurred in 1899. The warning and safety systems used by most ships, until 1992, consisted of two manually operated subsystems: Morse radiotelegraphy at 500 kHz, and radiotelephony at 156.8 MHz and at 2182 kHz. The radiotelegraphy subsystem was mandatory for all cargo ships with a gross tonnage equal to or greater than 1600, and for all passenger vessels. The radiotelephony subsystem was mandatory for all cargo ships with a gross tonnage equal to or greater than 300 and for all passenger ships. However, experience showed that this system would have limitations and, although several measures had been taken to improve it, two major problems persisted: communications still presented certain inefficiencies, beyond 200 miles and, because they were manual, some ships were lost without that any distress call or message was received. The biggest shift in communications at sea, following the introduction of radio in the early 20th century, began on February 1, 1992, when the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) came into effect. The introduction of modern technology, including satellite and digital selective calling techniques, makes it possible for an emergency alert to be transmitted and received automatically over a long range. In this publication, the principles of maritime radiocommunications and the GMDSS will be presented.
Contents
UNIDADE 1 – Princípios das radiocomunicações marítimas ................... 09 1.1 – Onda eletromagnética ....................................................................................... 10 1.2 – Noções de propagação na atmosfera.................................................................. 18 1.3 – Frequência ........................................................................................................ 22 1.4 – Antena .............................................................. ................................................. 28 1.5 – Planta típica de alimentação do GMDSS........................................................... 32 1.6 – Baterias e acumuladores .................................................................................. 34 1.7 – Princípios gerais do Serviço Móvel Marítimo..................................................... 38 1.8 – Equipamentos de radiotelefonia ...................................................................... 43 1.9 – Legislação de comunicações.................... ......................................................... 47 1.10 – Operação radiotelefônica ............................................................................... 49 UNIDADE 2 – Socorro e salvamento .................................................................. 59 2.1 – O serviço de busca e salvamento marítimos no Brasil ...................................... 61 2.2 – Região SAR de responsabilidade do Brasil........................................................ 62 2.3 – Tráfego de embarcações em área marítima.............................................. ......... 62 UNIDADE 3 – GMDSS ............................................................................................... 73 3.1 – Apresentação do GMDSS ................................................................................. 73 3.2 – Conceito básico do GMDSS ............................................................................. 78 3.3 – Sistemas de comunicação no GMDSS.............................................................. 85 3.4 – Sistema INMARSAT ......................................................................................... 86 3.5 – Sistema COSPAS-SARSAT ............................................................................. 97 3.6 – Sistema de chamada seletiva digital (DSC) ...................................................... 107 3.7 – Radiotelex – NBDP (NARROW BAND DIRECT PRINTING)..... ....................... 114 3.8 – Dispositivos de localização para busca e salvamento....................................... 115 3.9 – Guia de operação do GMDSS ........................................................................... 120 3.10 – Sistemas de informação de segurança marítima ............................................. 120 3.11 – Instalações do GMDSS em terra ....................................................................... 131 3.12 – Dotação de equipamentos do GMDSS............................................................... 131 3.13 – Serviços de escuta ........................................................................................... 132 3.14 – Equipamentos não GMDSS .............................................................................. 132 3.15 – Alarmes Falsos ................................................................................................. 133 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ........................................................................ 137
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EROG - General Radio Operator Special Course
Language: portuguese
Author: Directorate of Ports and Coasts - BRAZIL
Genre: Textbook
Publisher: DPC
Edition: Third
Format: PDF
Quality: eBook
Pages count: 192
Description: Communications are part of our daily routine: it's a landline or mobile phone call, an email on the Internet, a TV or radio program. Within the scope of communications
Nowadays, in addition to short-distance visual communications, we also have radio communications, including satellite communications, in a wide variety of ways, as well as the use of modern digital technologies.
In 1876 Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Watson, while working on a telegraph – electromagnetic telegraph devices had been developed in 1837 –
accidentally invented the telephone. When Watson connected his switch to an electrical line, Bell heard a noise in the next room. By accident, Watson's screwdriver had caused the metal discs to vibrate. Thus, the two researchers began to carry out tests
also with the voice, in which they were successful.
The radio followed the phone and worked in a similar condition. In 1886, the German Heinrich Hertz first proved the existence of electromagnet waves. The Italian Guglielmo Marconi developed the wireless telegraph between 1895 and 1897, creating an antenna that could receive electromagnetic waves. Soon, it could transmit signals over a distance of three kilometers.
At sea, radio was the basis of the warning and safety systems used by ships, and its first use to save lives at sea occurred in 1899.
The warning and safety systems used by most ships, until 1992, consisted of two manually operated subsystems: Morse radiotelegraphy at 500 kHz, and radiotelephony at 156.8 MHz and at 2182 kHz.
The radiotelegraphy subsystem was mandatory for all cargo ships with a gross tonnage equal to or greater than 1600, and for all passenger vessels. The radiotelephony subsystem was mandatory for all cargo ships with a gross tonnage equal to or greater than 300 and for all passenger ships.
However, experience showed that this system would have limitations and, although several measures had been taken to improve it, two major problems persisted: communications still presented certain inefficiencies, beyond 200 miles and, because they were manual, some ships were lost without that any distress call or message was received.
The biggest shift in communications at sea, following the introduction of radio in the early 20th century, began on February 1, 1992, when the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) came into effect.
The introduction of modern technology, including satellite and digital selective calling techniques, makes it possible for an emergency alert to be transmitted and received automatically over a long range.
In this publication, the principles of maritime radiocommunications and the GMDSS will be presented.
Contents
UNIDADE 1 – Princípios das radiocomunicações marítimas ................... 091.1 – Onda eletromagnética ....................................................................................... 10
1.2 – Noções de propagação na atmosfera.................................................................. 18
1.3 – Frequência ........................................................................................................ 22
1.4 – Antena .............................................................. ................................................. 28
1.5 – Planta típica de alimentação do GMDSS........................................................... 32
1.6 – Baterias e acumuladores .................................................................................. 34
1.7 – Princípios gerais do Serviço Móvel Marítimo..................................................... 38
1.8 – Equipamentos de radiotelefonia ...................................................................... 43
1.9 – Legislação de comunicações.................... ......................................................... 47
1.10 – Operação radiotelefônica ............................................................................... 49
UNIDADE 2 – Socorro e salvamento .................................................................. 59
2.1 – O serviço de busca e salvamento marítimos no Brasil ...................................... 61
2.2 – Região SAR de responsabilidade do Brasil........................................................ 62
2.3 – Tráfego de embarcações em área marítima.............................................. ......... 62
UNIDADE 3 – GMDSS ............................................................................................... 73
3.1 – Apresentação do GMDSS ................................................................................. 73
3.2 – Conceito básico do GMDSS ............................................................................. 78
3.3 – Sistemas de comunicação no GMDSS.............................................................. 85
3.4 – Sistema INMARSAT ......................................................................................... 86
3.5 – Sistema COSPAS-SARSAT ............................................................................. 97
3.6 – Sistema de chamada seletiva digital (DSC) ...................................................... 107
3.7 – Radiotelex – NBDP (NARROW BAND DIRECT PRINTING)..... ....................... 114
3.8 – Dispositivos de localização para busca e salvamento....................................... 115
3.9 – Guia de operação do GMDSS ........................................................................... 120
3.10 – Sistemas de informação de segurança marítima ............................................. 120
3.11 – Instalações do GMDSS em terra ....................................................................... 131
3.12 – Dotação de equipamentos do GMDSS............................................................... 131
3.13 – Serviços de escuta ........................................................................................... 132
3.14 – Equipamentos não GMDSS .............................................................................. 132
3.15 – Alarmes Falsos ................................................................................................. 133
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ........................................................................ 137
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