Английский язык судовой электроэнергетики для моряков - Н.Л.Труханова, Н.А.Кравченко [2000, DOC/PDF]

PREFACE

This book is intended to be used either by senior engineering cadets of higher maritime educational institutions or by individual students - sailing seamen - who have already completed their course of study and received qualification certificate but have difficulties in using "professional marine English" and need to improve it.
The textbook incorporates ten units, each of them being organized as a thematic entity and dealing with this or that aspect of marine electricity and electrical power engineering. The units are ordered according to level of difficulty, so the book is advisable to be worked through from beginning to end. It is started with introducing some simple facts from the history of electricity and, what is most essential, basic notions of electricity, such as "electromagnetism", "kinds of currents and their properties", "standard electrical units", "basic electrical measuring instruments" etc. Units 2-6 provide material for studying principal items of electrical equipment on board ship: its constructional features, purpose, application and most widespread types. Unit 7 gives a detailed description of a shipboard electric power plant as a whole and as an aggregate of components. This unit also concentrates on shipboard electrical circuits: their types, main functions, apparatuses and wiring accessories. Units 8,9 cover the problems of electric shock hazard protection, oper-ation and maintenance of marine electrical equipment and types of repair this equipment is subjected to. Unit 10 provides coverage of troubleshooting procedures: those of electrical components, D.C. motors, and three-phase motors. They are based upon fault finding charts that will probably be most useful for working marine engineers.
We have given such a detailed description of the thematic contents of the units to show that the textbook is a kind of original experience systematizing the facts exceptionally referring to marine electrical systems, mechanisms, devices and their operation and maintenance on board ship.
Each unit consists of a number of texts directly followed by a terminological vocabulary The latter does not only include words of different parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) but also word combinations and whole phrases showing various ways of collocability that English technical terms are revealing. We find it very important to present collocations of terminological words since students have particular difficulties in using correct structures of "technical English" in their speech.
The vocabulary is usually followed by a list of questions intended for two purposes. The first one is to check how well the texts have been understood and how good the student is at making up independent correct English statements. The second one is connected with necessary development of skills and habits of annotating and reviewing the studied material.
The texts, the vocabulary and the questions may be considered one part of the unit. The other is a complex of various exercises. Some of them may be qualified as tests since they are used to check how well the student has grasped the meaning of the suggested texts. They are the exercises that 1) require a definite answer to a question given as a characteristic description of a mechanism, a phenomenon, a property, a technological process, an engineering procedure etc., 2) suggest a choice of the correct answer from a few proposed variants. But there are also exercises for revision since the book is intended for students who have already finished the so-called "common course of English". They are exercises practicing grammar phenomena especially used in structural patterns of "technical English". Very often they provide "mixed" practice bringing together grammar points that are easily confused by Russian and Ukrainian native speakers.
"The technique" we have applied in making grammar exercises is widely represented in both foreign and home textbooks of English. The students are invited 1) to open the brackets giving the correct grammar form, 2) to compose one sentence from two organizing it correctly, 3) to make up statements or questions from the suggested words, 4) to choose one of the words from the box leaving it in its original form or transforming it into the form which the given sentence requires, 5) to find English equivalents to the suggested Russian ones, 6) to translate from Russian into English etc.
There is one Appendix in the textbook. It gives a number of pictures organized in accordance with three themes closely associated with electrical work. They are "Electric Tools", "Wiring Accessories" and "Lighting Fittings". We find it necessary for engineers and electricians to know what the things they work with and operate by are called in English. So, we have provided the pictures with both English and Russian words and word combinations corresponding the images.
Finally, there is an English-Russian glossary at the back of the book. It includes terms denoting electromechanical materials, electric machines of both direct and alternating current, electric power plants and circuits, power systems, electric drives, measuring instruments as well as devices, arrangements and fittings associated with light engineering. The word-nucleus (the one which dominates in meaning in a word combination) is frequently accompanied by its stable subordinates in order to show in what way the former and these latter are collocated in "the English language of engineering".
We would like to thank all the staff at the English Department of Odessa State Maritime Academy, especially Associate Professors O.S. Bogomolov and E.L. Nikoulina, for their interest and encouragement. We are also grateful to Professors V.N. Skripnick and A.P. Radchenko for their help.

Contents

PREFACE4
UNIT 1. NATURE OF ELECTRICITY.
1. PRIMARY INVESTIGATIONS. CLASSES OF ELECTRICITY.
2. MAGNETISM. ELECTROMAGNETISM. MAGNETIC FIELD.
3. ELECTRIC CURRENTS AND THEIR PROPERTIES.
4. BASIC UNITS OF ELECTRICITY AND MEASURING DEVICES.
UNIT 2. SHIP'S DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRIC MACHINES.
1. THE CONSTRUCTION AND THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION.
2. D.C. GENERATORS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS.
3. APPLICATION OF D C GENERATORS AND THEIR PARALLEL OPERATION.
UNIT 3. D.C. MOTORS.
1. CONVERTIBILITY.
2. E.M.F., TORQUE, POWER.
3. STARTING, SPEED REGUATION, REVERSAL.
UNIT 4. TYPES OF D.C. MOTORS AND THEIR DISTINCTIVE FEATURES.
1. SHUNT-WOUND MOTORS.
2. SERIES-WOUND MOTORS.
3. COMPOUND-WOUND MOTORS.
UNIT 5. TRANSFORMERS.
1. PURPOSE, CONSTRUCTION, TYPES.
2. THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMERS.
3. SPECIAL TRANSFORMERS.
4. AUTOTRANSFORMERS.
UNIT 6. MARINE A.C. MACHINES AND SPECIAL PURPOSE MACHINES.
1. SYNCHRONOUS ALTERNATORS.
2. INDUCTION (ASYNCHRONOUS) MOTORS. A THREE-PHASE CAGE MOTOR.
3. ELECTRIC SPECIAL PURPOSE MACHINES.
UNIT 7. SHIP'S POWER PLANTS AND NETWORKS.
1. SHIP'S POWER PLANTS.
2. POWER PLANT SWITCHGEAR EQUIPMENT.
3. SHIP'S POWER NETWORK.
UNIT 8. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SHIP'S ELECTRIC MACHINES.
1. WATCH MAINTENANCE.
2. ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE.
3. TESTING ELECTRIC MACHINES FOR DEFECTS AND CARRYING OUT REPAIRS. CURRENT REPAIR.
4. CAPITAL REPAIR OF D.C. AND A C. MACHINES.
UNIT 9. ELECTRICAL SAFETY
1. THE MAIN REASONS OF ELECTRICAL TRAUMATISM AND MEANS OF PROTECTION AGAINST IT.
2. SOME RULES FOR SAFE PRACTICE AND AVOIDING
3. ELECTRIC SHOCKS.
UNIT 10. TROUBLESHOOTING.
1. TROUBLESHOOTING OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS.
2. TROUBLESHOOTING OF D.C. MOTORS.
3. TROUBLESHOOTING OF THREE-PHASE MOTORS.
GLOSSARY.
APPENDIX.
1. ELECTRIC TOOLS.
2. WIRING ACCESSORIES.
3. WIRING ACCESSORIES AND LIGHTING FITTINGS.