Year: 2025 Language: English Author: Lloyd's Register Genre: Research paper Publisher: Lloyd's Register Edition: 2025 Format: PDF Quality: eBook Pages count: 35 Description: The relevance of Operational Design Domain (ODD) and Operational Envelope (OE) in the design definition, engineering implementation and verification and validation. Our follow-up research on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) highlights the critical role of the Operational Design Domain (ODD) in defining the specific environmental, geographical, and operational conditions under which MASS can safely operate. It emphasises the need for rigorous assurance processes to manage the heightened software complexity and autonomous decision-making challenges inherent in MASS. The research also underscores the importance of a well-defined Operational Envelope (OE), which extends the ODD by incorporating system-level configurations, state transitions, and human-automation task allocation. By addressing the ambiguities and proposing a refined OE framework, the report aims to enhance safety, regulatory compliance, and stakeholder confidence in the commercial viability of MASS.
Contents
-1. Overview 4 1.1 Regulatory landscape 4 1.2 Challenges of autonomy 4 1.3 The heightened demand for rigorous assurance in MASS complex software 5 1.4 MASS Code description 7 1.5 The importance and understanding of OE and ODD 8 1.6 Implications for safety and performance 9 1.7 Formalising requirements for assurance and the safety case 9 2 Concept Of Operations (CONOPS) 10 2.1 Context 10 3 The role of the OE 13 3.1 Draft Code’s key components of OE 14 3.2 Proposed update to OE framework interpretation 17 3.3 Comparison of new proposed and draft Code’s interpretations of the OE 18 4 Understanding the ODD 19 4.1 Key components of ODD 19 4.2 Practical application of ODD 21 4.3 The human element: how IMO degrees of autonomy are reflected in the ODD concept 21 4.4 The role of ODD in robust and traceable system requirements 22 4.5 Issue of Code’s ODD specificity 22 5 MASS ODD scenario definition 24 5.1 Benefits of standardised ODDs 24 5.2 Steps for developing ODD standards 25 6 Comparison of (MASS Code’s and new proposed iteration of) OE and ODD 26 6.1 Comparison based on the MASS Code’s OE interpretation 26 6.2 Comparison based on the new proposed OE interpretation 26 6.3 The advantage: enhanced integration of new proposed OE with ODD for assurance and regulatory evidencing 27 6.4 Overlap between the proposed OE and ODD: a comparative criteria structure 27 6.5 Summary and recommendation for ODD and OE 29 7 Illustrative CONOPS –ODD–OE framework for enhancing MASS Code clarity 30
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Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) - Volume 2
Language: English
Author: Lloyd's Register
Genre: Research paper
Publisher: Lloyd's Register
Edition: 2025
Format: PDF
Quality: eBook
Pages count: 35
Description: The relevance of Operational Design Domain (ODD) and Operational Envelope (OE) in the design definition, engineering implementation and verification and validation.
Our follow-up research on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) highlights the critical role of the Operational Design Domain (ODD) in defining the specific environmental, geographical, and operational conditions under which MASS can safely operate. It emphasises the need for rigorous assurance processes to manage the heightened software complexity and autonomous decision-making challenges inherent in MASS.
The research also underscores the importance of a well-defined Operational Envelope (OE), which extends the ODD by incorporating system-level configurations, state transitions, and human-automation task allocation. By addressing the ambiguities and proposing a refined OE framework, the report aims to enhance safety, regulatory compliance, and stakeholder confidence in the commercial viability of MASS.
Contents
1.1 Regulatory landscape 4
1.2 Challenges of autonomy 4
1.3 The heightened demand for rigorous assurance in MASS complex software 5
1.4 MASS Code description 7
1.5 The importance and understanding of OE and ODD 8
1.6 Implications for safety and performance 9
1.7 Formalising requirements for assurance and the safety case 9
2 Concept Of Operations (CONOPS) 10
2.1 Context 10
3 The role of the OE 13
3.1 Draft Code’s key components of OE 14
3.2 Proposed update to OE framework interpretation 17
3.3 Comparison of new proposed and draft Code’s interpretations of the OE 18
4 Understanding the ODD 19
4.1 Key components of ODD 19
4.2 Practical application of ODD 21
4.3 The human element: how IMO degrees of autonomy are reflected in the ODD concept 21
4.4 The role of ODD in robust and traceable system requirements 22
4.5 Issue of Code’s ODD specificity 22
5 MASS ODD scenario definition 24
5.1 Benefits of standardised ODDs 24
5.2 Steps for developing ODD standards 25
6 Comparison of (MASS Code’s and new proposed iteration of) OE and ODD 26
6.1 Comparison based on the MASS Code’s OE interpretation 26
6.2 Comparison based on the new proposed OE interpretation 26
6.3 The advantage: enhanced integration of new proposed OE with ODD for assurance and
regulatory evidencing 27
6.4 Overlap between the proposed OE and ODD: a comparative criteria structure 27
6.5 Summary and recommendation for ODD and OE 29
7 Illustrative CONOPS –ODD–OE framework for enhancing MASS Code clarity 30
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