Судовые электрические установки стандарта IEEE / IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard
Year: 2002 Language: english Author: IEEE Industry Applications Society Publisher: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Series: IEEE Std 45™-2002 Format: PDF Quality: OCR without errors Number of pages: 273 Description: IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards through a consensus development process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve without compensation. While the IEEE administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, the IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information contained in its standards. Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The IEEE disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damage, of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this, or any other IEEE Standard document. The IEEE does not warrant or represent the accuracy or content of the material contained herein, and expressly disclaims any express or implied warranty, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a specific purpose, or that the use of the material contained herein is free from patent infringement. IEEE Standards documents are supplied AS IS. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every five years for revision or reaffirmation. When a document is more than five years old and has not been reaffirmed, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard.
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In publishing and making this document available, the IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or other services for, or on behalf of, any person or entity. Nor is the IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by any other person or entity to another. Any person utilizing this, and any other IEEE Standards document, should rely upon the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate to specific applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiate action to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliation with IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Authorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance Center. To arrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. IEEE Std 45-2002, IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard, constitutes the chief undertaking of the Marine Transportation Committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society. Due to the differences among the requirements of the various classification societies and the insurance companies regarding electrical installations on shipboard, and the lack of any accepted standard engineering regarding electrical installations on shipboard, and the lack of any accepted standard engineering practice for marine installations, the AIEEa in 1913 appointed the Marine Committee (now called Marine Transportation Committee) to take up the preparation of standard marine rules. The first edition was prepared covering two important divisions; namely, fire protection requirements and marine construction requirements. They were adopted by the American Bureau of Shipping and published as Section 37 of their Rules for the building and classing of vessels. As the first edition of the rules did not cover the entire field of use of electricity on shipboard, the Marine Committee of the Institute was continued. The recommendations were considerably amplified in the editions issued in 1920, 1927, 1930, 1938, 1940, 1945, 1948, 1951, 1955, 1958, 1962, 1967, 1971, 1977, 1983, and 1998. This edition updates the 1998 edition. The standard has been reorganized to eliminate duplications and make it easier to use. It includes many significant additions, changes, and deletions to reflect North American and International marine electrical engineering technology and the latest system design, installation, and test practices necessary to ensure safe and reliable operation. In 1963 the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) merged with the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) to become the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE). As an IEEE recommended practice, this document provides procedures preferred by IEEE. Following the procedures in this recommended practice does not guarantee safety, and users should take all the reasonable, independent steps necessary to minimize risks to safety.
Applications Society
The following is a list of participants in the International Marine Industry Committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society. H. R. Stewart, Chair David N. Bishop, Vice Chair Sue Vogel, Secretary The following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Edward Aberbach Chris Adams Alf Kare Adnanes Chuck Barlow Scott Barnes David N. Bishop Rudy Bright David B. Burns Jerry A. Cincotta William Colavecchio Richard J. Collins Walter Constantine Harry Conte James Cospolich John Croston Warren Cully Charles A. Darnell Donald Davis Brian S. Ensign Ronald Essigmann Thomas Feil Jeffrey J. Gleason Joan Grande-Butera Thomas Guida James Hail Leonard Haim Marcelo Hirschler Erik Hoffmann George F. Hull III Mohammed Islam William Jones Henning Karlsen Philip Laudicina George Mahl Michal Maier Thomas Martin Per Martinsen Michael Mayfield Gerard Maz David C. ODonnell Robert Philibert Dieter Popoff David T. Dunn Nancy Robinson Frank H. Rocchio Dan Rodriguez John Rosata James A. Ruggieri Gary L. Savage Brian P. Sharman David R. Stewart H. R. Stewart Francis Stone Frank Vasser Donald A. Voltz Larry A. Wilkerson John E. Winbery Ed Aberbach Chris Adams Alf Kare Adnanes Paul Anderson Scott Barnes David N. Bishop Frederick Bried Rudy Bright Robert Brown Dave Burns Walter Constantine James Cospolich Guru Dutt Dhingra James Daly Charles A. Darnell Donald Davis Frank DeWinter Marcus O. Durham Ronald Essigmann Travis Griffith Leonard Haim Paul Hamer Marcelo Hirschler Richard Hulett Mohammed Islam Ben Johnson William Jones Stephen H. Kerr Royce King Philip Laudicina Michal Maier Wayne Madden George Mahl John Malinowski David ODonnell Lorraine Padden Gene Pecora Robert Philibert Dieter Popoff Frank H. Rocchio James A. Ruggieri Chet Sandberg Vincent Saporita David R. Stewart H. R. Stewart Francis Stone Frank Vasser Donald Voltz William D. Wilkens John E Winberry When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 12 September 2002, it had the following membership: James T. Carlo, Chair James H. Gurney, Vice Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison: Alan Cookson, NIST Representative Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Don Messina IEEE Standards Project Editor Sid Bennett H. Stephen Berger Clyde R. Camp Richard DeBlasio Harold E. Epstein Julian Forster* Howard M. Frazier Toshio Fukuda Arnold M. Greenspan Raymond Hapeman Donald M. Heirman Richard H. Hulett Lowell G. Johnson Joseph L. Koepfinger* Peter H. Lips Nader Mehravari Daleep C. Mohla William J. Moylan Malcolm V. Thaden Geoffrey O. Thompson Howard L. Wolfman Don Wright
IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard Overview
1.1 Scope These recommendations establish the minimally acceptable guidelines for the design, selection, and installation of systems and equipment aboard marine vessels applying electrical apparatus for power, propulsion, steering, automation, navigation, lighting, and communications. These recommendations describe present-day acceptable electrical engineering methods and practices. It is recognized that changes and improvements in shipboard requirements may develop that are not specifically covered herein; such changes, if incorporated in the design, should be equal to the safety and reliability levels established herein and generally in accord with the intent of these standards. In developing these recommendations, consideration was given to the electrical and engineering requirements promulgated by various regulatory agencies, classification societies, and by the International Maritime Organizations International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (IMO SOLAS), as amended. This recommended practice was developed by a voluntary consensus body to provide assistance and guidance to regulatory agencies governing electrical engineering requirements. 1.2 Purpose The main purpose of this recommended practice is to provide a consensus of recommended practices in the unique field of marine electrical engineering as applied specifically to ships, shipboard systems, and equipment. 1.3 Vessel classification 1.3.1 Vessel classification this recommended practice is applicable to These recommendations have been prepared for application for the following vessels: a) Tank vesselsAll vessels whose principle purpose is the carrying of combustible or flammable liquid cargo in bulk. b) Passenger vessels 1) All vessels of 100 gross tons or more whose principle purpose is the carrying of passengers. 2) Small passenger vessels under 100 gross tons carrying more than 6, but less than 150 passengers, or has overnight accommodations for less than 50 passengers. 3) Small passenger vessels carrying more than 150 passengers or with overnight accommodations for more than 49 passengers. c) Cargo and miscellaneous vesselsAll vessels carrying freight for hire not covered in other groups, all tugboats and tow boats, all seagoing barges not covered in other groups. d) Mobile offshore drilling units (MODU)A vessel, other than a mobile inland drilling unit, which is capable of engaging in drilling or workover operations for the explorations and exploitation of subsea mineral resources. These recommendations apply to all types of MODUs without production facilities, including, but not limited to, semi-submersible units, submersible units, self-elevating or jack-up units, and drillships and tenders. e) Mobile inland drilling units (MIDU)A vessel, other than a mobile offshore drilling unit, which is capable of engaging in drilling or workover operations for the exploration or exploitation of subsea mineral resources and is designed and intended for use in U.S. waters, rivers, inland lakes, bays, or sounds. These recommendations apply to all types of MIDU without production facilities, including, but not limited to, inland barges and posted inland barges. f) Offshore supply vessels. g) Nautical school vessels. h) Oceanographic research vesselsAll vessels engaged in oceanographic research. i) Noncombatant vesselsIncluding all naval auxiliary ships, military supply vessels, and icebreakers. 1.3.2 Vessel classification and facilities this recommended practice is not applicable to These recommendations have not been prepared for application for the facilities and vessels listed in item a) item b), and item c) because they are outside the scope of this recommended practice and are covered under national and international standards. a) Fixed petroleum facilities. b) Floating petroleum facilitiesA buoyant facility that is securely and substantially moored so that it cannot be moved without a special effort. The term includes, but is not limited to, tension leg platforms, floating production systems, floating production storage and offloading (FPSO), and spar buoy or deep draft caisson vessel. These types of floating facilities are site-specific and not intended for periodic relocation. Other types of floating facilities include permanently moored semisubmersibles and shipshape hulls. All of these types of floating facilities produce hydrocarbons from the well and process them on board and either store them on board and pump the produced hydrocarbon into a pipeline or directly onto another vessel. c) Recreational vessels. 1.4 Documentation Every vessel should be provided with comprehensive sets of as-built electrical installation drawings and instruction books providing complete and detailed information regarding the operation and maintenance of the systems and equipment. Drawings for each system should provide cable routing information, cable identification, cable sizes, loads, protective device settings, circuit data, conductor termination details, and material lists. Calculation of fault currents with associated overcurrent protective device coordination curves should also be provided. Instruction books should include descriptions and illustrations that provide equipment operating instructions, maintenance procedures, test requirements, and spare parts recommendations. A booklet containing the manufacturers name, size, type, rating, catalog number, or similar identification for all electrical and electronic equipment on the vessel should also be provided for use by shipboard personnel. An as-built one-line diagram of the ships power generation and distribution system should be permanently installed in a location accessible at all times to the engineering personnel.
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Судовые электрические установки стандарта IEEE / IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard
Language: english
Author: IEEE Industry Applications Society
Publisher: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
Series: IEEE Std 45™-2002
Format: PDF
Quality: OCR without errors
Number of pages: 273
Description: IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards through a consensus development process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve without compensation. While the IEEE administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, the IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information contained in its standards.
Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The IEEE disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damage,
of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this, or any other IEEE Standard document.
The IEEE does not warrant or represent the accuracy or content of the material contained herein, and expressly disclaims
any express or implied warranty, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a specific purpose, or that
the use of the material contained herein is free from patent infringement. IEEE Standards documents are supplied AS IS.
The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market,
or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the
time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and
comments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every five years for revision or reaffirmation. When a document is more than five years old and has not been reaffirmed, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard.
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In publishing and making this document available, the IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or other servicesfor, or on behalf of, any person or entity. Nor is the IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by any other person or
entity to another. Any person utilizing this, and any other IEEE Standards document, should rely upon the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.
Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate to specific
applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiate action to prepare
appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any
interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration.
Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliation with
IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate
supporting comments.
Authorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance Center. To
arrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive,
Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational
classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.
IEEE Std 45-2002, IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard, constitutes the
chief undertaking of the Marine Transportation Committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society.
Due to the differences among the requirements of the various classification societies and the insurance
companies regarding electrical installations on shipboard, and the lack of any accepted standard engineering
regarding electrical installations on shipboard, and the lack of any accepted standard engineering practice for
marine installations, the AIEEa in 1913 appointed the Marine Committee (now called Marine Transportation
Committee) to take up the preparation of standard marine rules. The first edition was prepared covering two
important divisions; namely, fire protection requirements and marine construction requirements. They were
adopted by the American Bureau of Shipping and published as Section 37 of their Rules for the building and
classing of vessels. As the first edition of the rules did not cover the entire field of use of electricity on
shipboard, the Marine Committee of the Institute was continued. The recommendations were considerably
amplified in the editions issued in 1920, 1927, 1930, 1938, 1940, 1945, 1948, 1951, 1955, 1958, 1962, 1967,
1971, 1977, 1983, and 1998.
This edition updates the 1998 edition. The standard has been reorganized to eliminate duplications and make
it easier to use. It includes many significant additions, changes, and deletions to reflect North American and
International marine electrical engineering technology and the latest system design, installation, and test
practices necessary to ensure safe and reliable operation.
In 1963 the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) merged with the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) to become the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE).
As an IEEE recommended practice, this document provides procedures preferred by IEEE. Following the procedures in this recommended practice does not guarantee safety, and users should take all the reasonable, independent steps
necessary to minimize risks to safety.
Applications Society
The following is a list of participants in the International Marine Industry Committee of the IEEE IndustryApplications Society.
H. R. Stewart, Chair
David N. Bishop, Vice Chair
Sue Vogel, Secretary
The following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for
approval, disapproval, or abstention.
Edward Aberbach
Chris Adams
Alf Kare Adnanes
Chuck Barlow
Scott Barnes
David N. Bishop
Rudy Bright
David B. Burns
Jerry A. Cincotta
William Colavecchio
Richard J. Collins
Walter Constantine
Harry Conte
James Cospolich
John Croston
Warren Cully
Charles A. Darnell
Donald Davis
Brian S. Ensign
Ronald Essigmann
Thomas Feil
Jeffrey J. Gleason
Joan Grande-Butera
Thomas Guida
James Hail
Leonard Haim
Marcelo Hirschler
Erik Hoffmann
George F. Hull III
Mohammed Islam
William Jones
Henning Karlsen
Philip Laudicina
George Mahl
Michal Maier
Thomas Martin
Per Martinsen
Michael Mayfield
Gerard Maz
David C. ODonnell
Robert Philibert
Dieter Popoff
David T. Dunn
Nancy Robinson
Frank H. Rocchio
Dan Rodriguez
John Rosata
James A. Ruggieri
Gary L. Savage
Brian P. Sharman
David R. Stewart
H. R. Stewart
Francis Stone
Frank Vasser
Donald A. Voltz
Larry A. Wilkerson
John E. Winbery
Ed Aberbach
Chris Adams
Alf Kare Adnanes
Paul Anderson
Scott Barnes
David N. Bishop
Frederick Bried
Rudy Bright
Robert Brown
Dave Burns
Walter Constantine
James Cospolich
Guru Dutt Dhingra
James Daly
Charles A. Darnell
Donald Davis
Frank DeWinter
Marcus O. Durham
Ronald Essigmann
Travis Griffith
Leonard Haim
Paul Hamer
Marcelo Hirschler
Richard Hulett
Mohammed Islam
Ben Johnson
William Jones
Stephen H. Kerr
Royce King
Philip Laudicina
Michal Maier
Wayne Madden
George Mahl
John Malinowski
David ODonnell
Lorraine Padden
Gene Pecora
Robert Philibert
Dieter Popoff
Frank H. Rocchio
James A. Ruggieri
Chet Sandberg
Vincent Saporita
David R. Stewart
H. R. Stewart
Francis Stone
Frank Vasser
Donald Voltz
William D. Wilkens
John E Winberry
When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 12 September 2002, it had the following
membership:
James T. Carlo, Chair
James H. Gurney, Vice Chair
Judith Gorman, Secretary
*Member Emeritus
Also included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison:
Alan Cookson, NIST Representative
Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative
Don Messina
IEEE Standards Project Editor
Sid Bennett
H. Stephen Berger
Clyde R. Camp
Richard DeBlasio
Harold E. Epstein
Julian Forster*
Howard M. Frazier
Toshio Fukuda
Arnold M. Greenspan
Raymond Hapeman
Donald M. Heirman
Richard H. Hulett
Lowell G. Johnson
Joseph L. Koepfinger*
Peter H. Lips
Nader Mehravari
Daleep C. Mohla
William J. Moylan
Malcolm V. Thaden
Geoffrey O. Thompson
Howard L. Wolfman
Don Wright
Contents
1. Overview............................................................................................................................................. 11.1 Scope ................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Vessel classification ......................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Documentation ................................................................................................................. 2
1.5 Environmental conditions................................................................................................. 3
1.6 Equipment construction, testing, and certification ........................................................... 4
1.7 Application of various national and international standards ............................................ 4
1.8 Materials ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.9 Brittle material.................................................................................................................. 5
2. References .......................................................................................................................................... 5
3. Definitions .......................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 General.............................................................................................................................. 9
3.2 Cable installation ............................................................................................................ 12
3.3 Generators....................................................................................................................... 12
3.4 Motors............................................................................................................................. 13
3.5 Converters....................................................................................................................... 15
3.6 Rotating machine ventilation.......................................................................................... 15
3.7 Equipment enclosures..................................................................................................... 16
3.8 Control apparatus and switchgear................................................................................... 17
3.9 Insulation system ............................................................................................................ 19
3.10 Types of circuits and terms............................................................................................. 19
3.11 Automatic or centralized control systems ...................................................................... 21
4. Power system characteristics ............................................................................................................ 22
4.1 Standard systems ............................................................................................................ 22
4.2 Standard voltages............................................................................................................ 22
4.3 Standard frequency ......................................................................................................... 22
4.4 Selection of voltage and system type ............................................................................. 22
4.5 AC power system characteristics.................................................................................... 23
4.6 Power quality and harmonics ......................................................................................... 27
5. Power system design ........................................................................................................................ 27
5.1 General............................................................................................................................ 27
5.2 Circuit elements.............................................................................................................. 32
5.3 Shore power.................................................................................................................... 32
5.4 Demand factors............................................................................................................... 32
5.5 Voltage drop ................................................................................................................... 33
5.6 Lighting distribution ....................................................................................................... 33
5.7 Distribution for power equipment .................................................................................. 35
5.8 Branch circuits................................................................................................................ 35
5.9 System protection ........................................................................................................... 37
5.10 Lightning protection ....................................................................................................... 48
Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. vii
6. Emergency power systems ............................................................................................................... 49
6.1 General............................................................................................................................ 49
6.2 Emergency generators .................................................................................................... 49
6.3 Emergency storage battery ............................................................................................. 50
6.4 Emergency power distribution system ........................................................................... 51
6.5 Emergency switchboard configuration........................................................................... 52
6.6 Temporary emergency power......................................................................................... 52
6.7 Temporary emergency circuits ....................................................................................... 53
6.8 Final emergency circuits................................................................................................. 53
6.9 Time factor for supply of emergency power: ................................................................. 54
6.10 Cargo vessels .................................................................................................................. 54
6.11 Passenger vessels (ocean and coastwise)........................................................................ 55
6.12 Passenger vessels (coastal and inland waters)................................................................ 55
6.13 Passenger vessels (other) ................................................................................................ 55
6.14 Passenger vessels with RO-RO (roll on-roll off) cargo spaces ...................................... 55
6.15 Passenger vessels without an independent emergency source of power ........................ 56
7. Electric power generation ................................................................................................................. 56
7.1 General............................................................................................................................ 56
7.2 Installation and location.................................................................................................. 56
7.3 Prime movers.................................................................................................................. 57
7.4 Generators....................................................................................................................... 61
7.5 Generator metering and protectiongeneral ................................................................. 67
7.6 Minimum equipment for ac generator switchboard ....................................................... 69
8. Switchboards .................................................................................................................................... 71
8.1 Switchboard arrangement criteria................................................................................... 71
8.2 Installation and location.................................................................................................. 72
8.3 Low-voltage switchboards (600 V ac and less for ANSI; 1000 V ac and less for
IEC)description and requirements .............................................................................. 74
8.4 Medium-voltage switchboards (0.60138.0 kV ac for ANSI and 1.0135.0 kV
ac for IEC)description and requirements.................................................................... 75
8.5 Switchboardsapplication requirements....................................................................... 76
8.6 Circuit breakersapplication......................................................................................... 77
8.7 Temperatures .................................................................................................................. 77
8.8 Arrangement of switchboard equipment ........................................................................ 77
8.9 Overload and short-circuit protection............................................................................. 78
8.10 Switchboard phase and ground bus ................................................................................ 79
8.11 Terminations................................................................................................................... 80
8.12 Wire and conductor terminal lugs .................................................................................. 80
8.13 Nameplates ..................................................................................................................... 81
8.14 Switchboard testing ........................................................................................................ 81
9. Control systems ................................................................................................................................ 81
9.1 General............................................................................................................................ 81
9.2 Documentation................................................................................................................ 82
9.3 Control system designgeneral..................................................................................... 83
9.4 Control system equipment location ................................................................................ 83
9.5 Machinery control........................................................................................................... 84
9.6 System design characteristics ......................................................................................... 86
Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. viii
9.7 Control system power supply ......................................................................................... 86
9.8 Continuity of power........................................................................................................ 86
9.9 Communication systems................................................................................................. 86
9.10 Alarms ............................................................................................................................ 87
9.11 Control cabling ............................................................................................................... 88
9.12 Control power distribution.............................................................................................. 88
9.13 Hazardous location considerations ................................................................................. 88
9.14 Control system testing .................................................................................................... 88
9.15 Maintenance philosophy and design............................................................................... 89
9.16 Control system sensors ................................................................................................... 89
9.17 Control system programming ......................................................................................... 89
9.18 Design considerations..................................................................................................... 90
9.19 Instrumentation............................................................................................................... 91
9.20 Environmental conditions............................................................................................... 91
9.21 Control system voltage and frequency ........................................................................... 95
9.22 Electromagnetic frequency ............................................................................................. 95
9.23 Equipment enclosures..................................................................................................... 95
9.24 Control console designgeneral.................................................................................... 95
9.25 Control console components .......................................................................................... 96
9.26 Meters and gauges .......................................................................................................... 96
9.27 Control devices ............................................................................................................... 96
9.28 Ergonomics (human factors) .......................................................................................... 97
9.29 Identification and marking.............................................................................................. 98
9.30 Ventilation ...................................................................................................................... 99
9.31 Sealing ............................................................................................................................ 99
9.32 Environmental monitoring.............................................................................................. 99
10. Control apparatus.............................................................................................................................. 99
10.1 General............................................................................................................................ 99
10.2 Installation and location................................................................................................ 100
10.3 Types ............................................................................................................................ 100
10.4 Protecting cases ............................................................................................................ 101
10.5 Disconnecting means.................................................................................................... 102
10.6 Manual starters and controllers..................................................................................... 102
10.7 Magnetic starters and controllers.................................................................................. 102
10.8 Solid-state starters and controllers................................................................................ 103
10.9 Medium voltage controllers.......................................................................................... 103
10.10 Pushbuttons................................................................................................................... 104
10.11 Resistors........................................................................................................................ 104
10.12 Circuit breakers............................................................................................................. 104
10.13 Knife blade switches and contacts................................................................................ 104
10.14 Corrosion-resistant parts............................................................................................... 104
10.15 Nameplates ................................................................................................................... 105
10.16 Tests.............................................................................................................................. 105
10.17 Limits of temperature rises ........................................................................................... 105
10.18 Insulation-voltage test................................................................................................... 106
10.19 General requirements for contactors............................................................................. 107
10.20 Rectifiers....................................................................................................................... 107
11. Control application ......................................................................................................................... 110
11.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 110
11.2 Deck machinery............................................................................................................ 111
11.3 Ventilation fans............................................................................................................. 113
11.4 Galley, laundry, workshop, print shop, and similar spaces .......................................... 113
11.5 Machinery space auxiliaries ......................................................................................... 113
11.6 Air compressor ............................................................................................................. 113
11.7 Remote stopping systems ............................................................................................. 113
12. Transformers................................................................................................................................... 114
12.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 114
12.2 Installation and location................................................................................................ 115
12.3 Type, number, and rating.............................................................................................. 115
12.4 Voltage regulation ........................................................................................................ 115
12.5 Parallel operation.......................................................................................................... 115
12.6 Temperature rise ........................................................................................................... 115
12.7 Terminals and connections ........................................................................................... 115
12.8 Nameplates ................................................................................................................... 116
13. Motors............................................................................................................................................. 116
13.1 General application....................................................................................................... 116
13.2 AC and dc motorsgeneral ......................................................................................... 117
13.3 Selection ....................................................................................................................... 117
13.4 Installation and location................................................................................................ 118
13.5 Insulation of windings .................................................................................................. 118
13.6 Locked rotor kVA......................................................................................................... 118
13.7 Efficiency...................................................................................................................... 119
13.8 Lubrication.................................................................................................................... 119
13.9 Terminal arrangements ................................................................................................. 119
13.10 Corrosion-resistance parts ............................................................................................ 120
13.11 Nameplates ................................................................................................................... 120
13.12 Ambient temperature .................................................................................................... 120
13.13 Limits of temperature rise............................................................................................. 120
13.14 Insulation tests .............................................................................................................. 121
13.15 Insulation resistance ..................................................................................................... 121
13.16 Tests.............................................................................................................................. 122
13.17 Temperature-rise test .................................................................................................... 122
13.18 Insulation resistance test............................................................................................... 122
13.19 High-potential test ........................................................................................................ 122
13.20 Overload test................................................................................................................. 123
13.21 Commutation test.......................................................................................................... 123
14. Motor applicationgeneral............................................................................................................ 124
14.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 124
14.2 Duty rating.................................................................................................................... 125
14.3 Steering gear motors..................................................................................................... 126
15. Brakes ............................................................................................................................................. 126
15.1 Types ............................................................................................................................ 126
15.2 AC brakes ..................................................................................................................... 126
15.3 DC brakes ..................................................................................................................... 126
15.4 Accessibility ................................................................................................................. 126
15.5 Enclosures..................................................................................................................... 126
15.6 Construction.................................................................................................................. 127
15.7 Tests .............................................................................................................................. 127
15.8 Brake application .......................................................................................................... 128
16. Magnetic friction clutches .............................................................................................................. 128
16.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 128
16.2 Tests.............................................................................................................................. 128
17. Distribution equipment ................................................................................................................... 129
17.1 Distribution panels........................................................................................................ 129
17.2 Circuit breakers............................................................................................................. 129
17.3 Wire lugs and connectors ............................................................................................. 129
17.4 Feeder box fittings ........................................................................................................ 130
17.5 Branch box fittings ....................................................................................................... 130
17.6 Connection box fittings ................................................................................................ 130
17.7 Shore connection boxes ................................................................................................ 130
17.8 Feeder, branch, and connection boxes.......................................................................... 131
17.9 Receptacles, plugs, and switchesnonwatertight........................................................ 132
17.10 Receptacles, plugs, and switches other than nonwatertight.......................................... 134
17.11 Terminal and stuffing tubes.......................................................................................... 135
17.12 Multicable penetrators .................................................................................................. 135
17.13 Bolts, taps, and so on .................................................................................................... 135
17.14 Power factor correction capacitors ............................................................................... 135
18. Heating equipment.......................................................................................................................... 136
18.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 136
18.2 Temperature and tests................................................................................................... 137
18.3 Nameplates ................................................................................................................... 137
19. Galley equipment............................................................................................................................ 138
19.1 Electric cooking equipment .......................................................................................... 138
19.2 Testing .......................................................................................................................... 141
19.3 Motor-driven equipment............................................................................................... 141
19.4 Nameplates ................................................................................................................... 142
20. Lighting equipment......................................................................................................................... 142
20.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 142
20.2 Location ........................................................................................................................ 143
20.3 Provisions for portable lighting .................................................................................... 143
20.4 Permanent watertight fixtures ....................................................................................... 143
20.5 Permanent nonwatertight fixtures................................................................................. 143
20.6 High-intensity discharge lamp fixtures......................................................................... 143
20.7 Lighting for hazardous locations .................................................................................. 144
20.8 Illumination................................................................................................................... 144
20.9 Searchlights................................................................................................................... 144
20.10 Emergency lighting....................................................................................................... 145
20.11 Nameplates.................................................................................................................... 145
21. Navigation lights and signals.......................................................................................................... 145
21.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 145
21.2 Navigation lights........................................................................................................... 146
21.3 Signaling lights ............................................................................................................. 146
21.4 Navigation light indicator panel ................................................................................... 146
21.5 Whistle and siren control systems ................................................................................ 147
22. Storage batteries.............................................................................................................................. 148
22.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 148
22.2 Recommendations......................................................................................................... 148
22.3 Specific applications ..................................................................................................... 148
22.4 Type of batteries ........................................................................................................... 149
22.5 Selection and assembly................................................................................................. 151
22.6 Installation and arrangement......................................................................................... 151
22.7 Ventilation .................................................................................................................... 154
22.8 Cables............................................................................................................................ 155
22.9 Battery rating ................................................................................................................ 156
22.10 Charging facilities......................................................................................................... 156
22.11 Overload protection ...................................................................................................... 156
23. Cables types for installation on shipboard...................................................................................... 157
23.1 Marine Shipboard Cable............................................................................................... 157
23.2 Navy cable.................................................................................................................... 158
23.3 Other shipboard cables ................................................................................................. 158
23.4 MI cable........................................................................................................................ 158
23.5 Specialty cables ............................................................................................................ 158
24. Cable application ............................................................................................................................ 158
24.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 158
24.2 Distribution cables (600/1000 V) ................................................................................. 159
24.3 Distribution cables (medium voltage, 2000 V to 35 000 V) ........................................ 159
24.4 Control cables (600/1000 V) ........................................................................................ 159
24.5 Signal cables (300 V, 600/1000 V) .............................................................................. 159
24.6 Special service requirements ........................................................................................ 159
24.7 AC applications ............................................................................................................ 160
24.8 Ampacities .................................................................................................................... 160
24.9 Ambient temperatures................................................................................................... 168
24.10 Armored cables............................................................................................................. 168
24.11 Skin effect ratio ............................................................................................................ 168
24.12 Circuits in the vicinity of magnetic compass................................................................ 169
25. Cable installation ............................................................................................................................ 170
25.1 Single-conductor ac cables ........................................................................................... 170
25.2 Cable continuity and grounding ................................................................................... 170
25.3 Cable locations ............................................................................................................. 171
25.4 Cable protection............................................................................................................ 171
25.5 Cable support and retention.......................................................................................... 171
25.6 Cablesradius of bends............................................................................................... 172
25.7 Cables through bulkheads, docks, beams, and so on.................................................... 172
25.8 Cable pulling in force ................................................................................................... 172
25.9 Cable rat proofing......................................................................................................... 173
25.10 Holes for cables ............................................................................................................ 173
25.11 Cable splicing ............................................................................................................... 173
25.12 Propulsion cables.......................................................................................................... 174
26. Interior communications systems ................................................................................................... 174
26.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 174
26.2 Engine order telegraph system ..................................................................................... 175
26.3 Rudder angle indicator.................................................................................................. 176
26.4 Refrigerated and cold storage alarm system................................................................. 177
26.5 General emergency alarm system................................................................................. 177
26.6 Alarm system for lubricating oils, refrigeration, and other fluid systems.................... 182
26.7 Voice communication systems ..................................................................................... 182
27. Exterior communication and navigation systems........................................................................... 187
27.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 187
27.2 Safety ............................................................................................................................ 187
27.3 General installation guidelines ..................................................................................... 188
27.4 Power supplies.............................................................................................................. 188
27.5 Radio interference......................................................................................................... 189
27.6 Antennas ....................................................................................................................... 189
27.7 Equipment installation guidelines ................................................................................ 189
28. Fire detection, alarm, and sprinkler systems .................................................................................. 190
28.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 191
28.2 Manual fire alarm systems............................................................................................ 191
28.3 Automatic fire alarm systems ....................................................................................... 191
28.4 Fire detection and fire alarm system for periodically unattended machinery spaces .....192
28.5 Smoke extraction systems............................................................................................. 192
28.6 Detector types ............................................................................................................... 193
28.7 Automatic sprinkler, fire detection, and fire alarm systems......................................... 193
29. Watertight and fire door equipment................................................................................................ 194
29.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 194
29.2 Watertight door systems ............................................................................................... 194
29.3 Fire door holding and release systems.......................................................................... 196
30. Gyro compass systems.................................................................................................................... 197
30.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 197
30.2 Installation and location................................................................................................ 197
30.3 Power supply................................................................................................................. 198
31. Electric propulsion and maneuvering system................................................................................. 198
31.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 198
31.2 Regulations ................................................................................................................... 198
31.3 System requirements..................................................................................................... 198
31.4 Prime movers for integrated power and propulsion plants........................................... 200
31.5 Generators for integrated power and propulsion plants................................................ 200
31.6 Propulsion drive transformers ...................................................................................... 202
31.7 Propulsion motors......................................................................................................... 204
31.8 Propulsion power conversion equipment ..................................................................... 206
31.9 Main power switchboard .............................................................................................. 207
31.10 Propulsion control equipment ...................................................................................... 207
31.11 Power management ...................................................................................................... 210
31.12 Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) ................................................................... 210
31.13 Podded propulsion........................................................................................................ 210
31.14 Propulsion cables.......................................................................................................... 211
31.15 Tests.............................................................................................................................. 211
31.16 Propulsion equipment location..................................................................................... 212
31.17 Ventilation .................................................................................................................... 212
31.18 Bed-plates and foundations .......................................................................................... 212
31.19 Lubrication ................................................................................................................... 213
31.20 Fire extinguishers ......................................................................................................... 213
31.21 Protection during storage and installation .................................................................... 213
31.22 System operation and maintenance .............................................................................. 213
32. Steering systems ............................................................................................................................. 214
32.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 214
32.2 Navigating bridge installation ...................................................................................... 215
32.3 Power supply ................................................................................................................ 215
32.4 Alarm system................................................................................................................ 215
32.5 Steering gear................................................................................................................. 215
32.6 Steering control systems............................................................................................... 216
33. Hazardous locations, installations, and equipment......................................................................... 218
33.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 218
33.2 Hazardous area classification ....................................................................................... 219
33.3 Area classification for various vessel types ................................................................. 220
33.4 Hazardous location equipment ..................................................................................... 223
33.5 Hazardous location equipment markings ..................................................................... 224
33.6 Approved equipment .................................................................................................... 225
33.7 Wiring methodshazardous locations ........................................................................ 226
33.8 Additional recommendations for tank vessels carrying bulk liquefied gas or
ammonia ....................................................................................................................... 228
34. Ship tests......................................................................................................................................... 228
34.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 228
34.2 New installations .......................................................................................................... 230
34.3 Generating sets ............................................................................................................. 230
34.4 Switchboards ................................................................................................................ 230
34.5 Motors and controllers.................................................................................................. 231
34.6 Lighting ........................................................................................................................ 232
34.7 Communication systems............................................................................................... 232
34.8 Steering system............................................................................................................. 232
34.9 Control systems ............................................................................................................ 232
34.10 Emergency electrical systems ...................................................................................... 233
34.11 Storage batteries ........................................................................................................... 233
34.12 Electric heating systems ............................................................................................... 233
34.13 Voltage drop................................................................................................................. 233
34.14 Existing installations .................................................................................................... 233
35. Spare Parts ...................................................................................................................................... 235
Annex A (informative) General information on hazardous location classification and equipment ............ 236
Annex B (informative) Circuit designations................................................................................................ 243
Annex C (informative) Enclosures NEMA and IEC characteristics, designations, and comparison.......... 247
Annex D (informative) Bibliography .......................................................................................................... 255
IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard Overview
1.1 ScopeThese recommendations establish the minimally acceptable guidelines for the design, selection, and
installation of systems and equipment aboard marine vessels applying electrical apparatus for power,
propulsion, steering, automation, navigation, lighting, and communications. These recommendations
describe present-day acceptable electrical engineering methods and practices.
It is recognized that changes and improvements in shipboard requirements may develop that are not
specifically covered herein; such changes, if incorporated in the design, should be equal to the safety and
reliability levels established herein and generally in accord with the intent of these standards.
In developing these recommendations, consideration was given to the electrical and engineering
requirements promulgated by various regulatory agencies, classification societies, and by the International
Maritime Organizations International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (IMO SOLAS), as amended.
This recommended practice was developed by a voluntary consensus body to provide assistance and
guidance to regulatory agencies governing electrical engineering requirements.
1.2 Purpose
The main purpose of this recommended practice is to provide a consensus of recommended practices in the
unique field of marine electrical engineering as applied specifically to ships, shipboard systems, and
equipment.
1.3 Vessel classification
1.3.1 Vessel classification this recommended practice is applicable to
These recommendations have been prepared for application for the following vessels:
a) Tank vesselsAll vessels whose principle purpose is the carrying of combustible or flammable
liquid cargo in bulk.
b) Passenger vessels
1) All vessels of 100 gross tons or more whose principle purpose is the carrying of passengers.
2) Small passenger vessels under 100 gross tons carrying more than 6, but less than 150
passengers, or has overnight accommodations for less than 50 passengers.
3) Small passenger vessels carrying more than 150 passengers or with overnight accommodations
for more than 49 passengers.
c) Cargo and miscellaneous vesselsAll vessels carrying freight for hire not covered in other groups,
all tugboats and tow boats, all seagoing barges not covered in other groups.
d) Mobile offshore drilling units (MODU)A vessel, other than a mobile inland drilling unit, which
is capable of engaging in drilling or workover operations for the explorations and exploitation of
subsea mineral resources. These recommendations apply to all types of MODUs without production
facilities, including, but not limited to, semi-submersible units, submersible units, self-elevating or
jack-up units, and drillships and tenders.
e) Mobile inland drilling units (MIDU)A vessel, other than a mobile offshore drilling unit, which
is capable of engaging in drilling or workover operations for the exploration or exploitation of
subsea mineral resources and is designed and intended for use in U.S. waters, rivers, inland lakes,
bays, or sounds. These recommendations apply to all types of MIDU without production facilities,
including, but not limited to, inland barges and posted inland barges.
f) Offshore supply vessels.
g) Nautical school vessels.
h) Oceanographic research vesselsAll vessels engaged in oceanographic research.
i) Noncombatant vesselsIncluding all naval auxiliary ships, military supply vessels, and icebreakers.
1.3.2 Vessel classification and facilities this recommended practice is not applicable to
These recommendations have not been prepared for application for the facilities and vessels listed in item a)
item b), and item c) because they are outside the scope of this recommended practice and are covered under
national and international standards.
a) Fixed petroleum facilities.
b) Floating petroleum facilitiesA buoyant facility that is securely and substantially moored so that it
cannot be moved without a special effort. The term includes, but is not limited to, tension leg
platforms, floating production systems, floating production storage and offloading (FPSO), and spar
buoy or deep draft caisson vessel. These types of floating facilities are site-specific and not intended
for periodic relocation. Other types of floating facilities include permanently moored semisubmersibles
and shipshape hulls. All of these types of floating facilities produce hydrocarbons from
the well and process them on board and either store them on board and pump the produced
hydrocarbon into a pipeline or directly onto another vessel.
c) Recreational vessels.
1.4 Documentation
Every vessel should be provided with comprehensive sets of as-built electrical installation drawings and
instruction books providing complete and detailed information regarding the operation and maintenance of the
systems and equipment. Drawings for each system should provide cable routing information, cable
identification, cable sizes, loads, protective device settings, circuit data, conductor termination details, and
material lists. Calculation of fault currents with associated overcurrent protective device coordination curves
should also be provided. Instruction books should include descriptions and illustrations that provide
equipment operating instructions, maintenance procedures, test requirements, and spare parts
recommendations. A booklet containing the manufacturers name, size, type, rating, catalog number, or
similar identification for all electrical and electronic equipment on the vessel should also be provided for use
by shipboard personnel. An as-built one-line diagram of the ships power generation and distribution system
should be permanently installed in a location accessible at all times to the engineering personnel.
IEEE Std 45 tm 2002 - Shipboard Electrical Installations.pdf
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