Diploma in Ship Superintendency - Module 10 (Last) - Lloyds Maritime Academy [2015, PDF]

Contents

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CONTENTS
General Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 7
1. LIQUID BULK CARRIERS – TANKERS ................................................................................. 8
1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Particular Design Considerations ................................................................................... 9
1.2.1 Double Hull Requirements ................................................................................. 9
1.3 Tank Layout ............................................................................................................... 9
1.4 Venting of Cargo Tanks .............................................................................................. 10
1.5 Tank Cleaning ........................................................................................................... 10
1.6 Cargo Systems ......................................................................................................... 10
1.6.1 Deep Well Pumps ........................................................................................... 10
1.7 Commercial Aspects .................................................................................................. 10
1.8 Heating Coils ............................................................................................................ 11
1.9 Inert Gas Systems ..................................................................................................... 11
1.9.1 Crude Oil Washing (COW) ............................................................................... 11
1.10 Health, Safety and the Environment ............................................................................ 11
1.11 Reference Publications ............................................................................................... 12
2. CHEMICAL CARRIERS ...................................................................................................... 13
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 13
2.1.1 High Grade Parcel Chemical Carriers ................................................................. 13
2.1.2 Product/Chemical Tankers ............................................................................... 13
2.1.3 Specialised Chemical Carriers .......................................................................... 13
2.2 Chemical Tanker Cargoes ........................................................................................... 14
2.2.1 Petrochemicals ............................................................................................... 14
2.2.2 Alcohols and Carbohydrates ............................................................................. 14
2.2.3 Vegetable and Animal Oils and Fats .................................................................. 14
2.2.4 Acids and Inorganic Chemicals ......................................................................... 14
2.3 Particular Design Considerations ................................................................................. 14
2.4 Cargo Systems ......................................................................................................... 14
2.5 Operational Aspects ................................................................................................... 15
2.6 Health, safety and the Environment ............................................................................. 15
2.6.1 Acrylonitrile ................................................................................................... 16
2.6.2 Styrene ......................................................................................................... 16
2.6.3 Sulphuric Acid ................................................................................................ 16
2.6.4 Vinyl Acetate ................................................................................................. 16
2.7 Reference Publications ............................................................................................... 16
3. GAS TANKERS ................................................................................................................. 17
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 17
3.2 Particular Design Considerations – LPG carriers ............................................................. 18
3.2.1 Pressurised LPG Carriers ................................................................................. 18
3.2.2 Fully-refrigerated LPG Carriers ......................................................................... 18
3.3 Particular Design Considerations of LNG carriers ........................................................... 18
3.4 Commercial Aspects .................................................................................................. 19
3.4.1 LPG Shipping ................................................................................................. 19
3.4.2 LNG Shipping ................................................................................................. 19
3.5 Health, Safety and the Environment ............................................................................ 20
3.6 Reference Publications ............................................................................................... 21
4. DRY BULK CARRIERS ...................................................................................................... 22
4.1 Introduction to Dry Bulk Ships .................................................................................... 22
4.2 Commercial Aspects .................................................................................................. 23
4.2.1 Iron Ore ........................................................................................................ 23
4.2.2 Coal Trade ..................................................................................................... 24
4.2.3 Grain Trade ................................................................................................... 24
4.3 Voyage Orders .......................................................................................................... 24
4.4 Hold Cleaning ........................................................................................................... 24
4.5 Particular Design Considerations for Dry Bulk Ships ....................................................... 25
4.5.1 Hatch Covers ................................................................................................. 25
4.6 Health, Safety and the Environment Concerns with Dry Bulkers ...................................... 264
4.7 Reference Publications ............................................................................................... 27
5. BREAKBULK AND CONTAINER SHIPS .............................................................................. 28
5.1 Introduction to Breakbulk (General Cargo Ships) ........................................................... 28
5.2 Commercial Aspects of Breakbulk Cargo ....................................................................... 29
5.3 Introduction to Container Ships ................................................................................... 29
5.4 Design Development of Container Ships ....................................................................... 29
5.4.1 Early Container Ships...................................................................................... 29
5.4.2 First Specifically Designed Container Ships ........................................................ 30
5.4.3 Panamax Container Ships ................................................................................ 30
5.4.4 Post Panamax Container Ships ......................................................................... 30
5.4.5 Container Ships Today .................................................................................... 31
5.5 Cargo Handling Arrangements .................................................................................... 31
5.5.1 Bays ............................................................................................................. 32
5.5.2 Rows ............................................................................................................ 32
5.5.3 Tiers ............................................................................................................. 32
5.5.4 Examples of On Board Slot Positions ................................................................. 32
5.6 Loading Container Ships ............................................................................................. 32
5.7 Securing Containers On Board .................................................................................... 33
5.8 Containers and the Cargo they Carry ........................................................................... 34
5.9 Health, Safety and the Environment Concerns with Container Ships ................................ 34
5.9.1 Overloading ................................................................................................... 34
5.9.2 Dangerous Goods ........................................................................................... 35
5.9.3 Shifting Cargo ................................................................................................ 35
5.10 Reference Publications ............................................................................................... 35
6. PASSENGER VESSELS AND FERRIES ................................................................................ 36
6.1 Introduction to Passenger Ships .................................................................................. 36
6.1.1 Cruise Ships .................................................................................................. 36
6.1.2 Ferries .......................................................................................................... 37
6.2 Commercial Aspects for Passenger Ships ...................................................................... 375
6.3 Particular Design Considerations for Passenger ships ..................................................... 37
6.3.1 Further Considerations for Ro-Ro Vessels .......................................................... 38
6.4 Operational Aspects for Passenger Vessels ................................................................... 39
6.5 Crew Aspects Particular to Passenger Vessels ............................................................... 39
6.6 Health, Safety and Security of Passenger Vessels .......................................................... 40
6.7 Reference Publications ............................................................................................... 41
7. SUPERYACHTS ................................................................................................................ 42
7.1 Introduction to Superyachts ....................................................................................... 42
7.2 Particular Design Considerations for Superyachts .......................................................... 43
7.3 Commercial Aspects for Superyachts ........................................................................... 43
7.4 Operational Aspects for Superyachts ............................................................................ 43
7.5 Crew Aspects Particular to Passenger Vessels ............................................................... 45
7.6 Safety Considerations for Superyachts ......................................................................... 45
7.7 Reference Publications ............................................................................................... 46
8. OFFSHORE SUPPORT VESSELS ........................................................................................ 47
8.1 Introduction to Offshore Support Vessels ..................................................................... 47
8.2 Key Types of Offshore Support Vessels ........................................................................ 47
8.2.1 Seismic Vessels .............................................................................................. 47
8.2.2 Coring Vessels ............................................................................................... 49
8.2.3 Anchor Handling Tugs (AHTs) .......................................................................... 49
8.2.4 Anchor Handling Tug Supply Vessels (AHTS) ...................................................... 49
8.2.5 Multi-Purpose Support Vessels (MPSV) .............................................................. 49
8.2.6 Platform Supply Vessels (PSVs) ........................................................................ 50
8.2.7 Diving Support Vessels (DSVs) ......................................................................... 50
8.2.8 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for DP Vessels .................................... 50
8.2.9 Safety Vessels ............................................................................................... 50
8.2.10 Crew Boats .................................................................................................... 51
8.3 Particular Design Considerations ................................................................................. 51
8.4 Commercial Aspects for OSVs ..................................................................................... 516
8.5 Operational Aspects for OSVs ..................................................................................... 51
8.6 Crew Aspects Particular to OSVs ................................................................................. 53
8.7 Safety Considerations for OSVs ................................................................................... 53
8.7.1 The Special Purpose Ships Code ....................................................................... 54
8.8 Reference Publications ............................................................................................... 54
9. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 55
9.1 Human Element – Communication ............................................................................... 55
9.2 Fatigue .................................................................................................................... 55
9.3 Designated Person..................................................................................................... 56
Acknowledgements and Bibliography ............................................................................................. 58
Useful Websites .......................................................................................................................... 59