janataly ® 01-Мар-2017 22:42

The Use of Large Tankers in Seasonal First-Year Ice and Severe Sub-Zero Conditions


Year: 2010
Language: english
Author: Oil Companies International Marine Forum
Genre: Guide
Publisher: Oil Companies International Marine Forum
Edition: First Edition
ISBN: 978-1-85609-429-0
Format: PDF
Quality: Scanned pages + text layer
Pages count: 73
Description: Independent ice navigation and the icebreaker-escorted navigation of large tankers are concepts that may
be relatively new to many tanker owners and charterers. With the changes that have occurred in the Russian
Federation, the tanker market has experienced an increase in the export of crude oil by large tankers from
Baltic terminals impacted by the potential for winter ice navigation. This trend has continued elsewhere in the
world as crude export termina ls have been established or are planned in other ice navigation areas, such as
the Barents Sea, White Sea and in proximity to Sakhalin Island {Eastern Russian Federation).
Some sectors of the industry have been used to dealing with the more traditional high ice class, smaller
tankers designed specifica lly for escorted or unescorted ice transit. What is relatively new to the industry is the increase in demand for larger-sized crude tankers of low, or no, ice class to trade out of an increasing number of ports subjected to first-year ice formation.
The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance to chartering and vetting groups on the safe operation
of tankers in a~eas affected by seasonal fi rst-year ice.

Zero temp.pdf

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