The oceanographer's companion : essential nautical skills for seagoing scientists and engineers
Year: 2017 Language: english Author: Maul, George A Genre: Handbook Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1498773060,978-1-4987-7306-5 Format: PDF Quality: eBook Pages count: 207 Description: Scientists and engineers embarking on their first voyage for oceanographic or meteorological research are often unprepared for the experience. Going to sea involves learning a new language – that of the seaman. This is necessary for clear communications, for the safety and well-being of the members of the scientific party and the ship’s crew. The Oceanographer’s Companion is intended to familiarize a student with the basics of navigation, seamanship, marine engineering, communications, safety-of-life-at-sea, shiphandling, knots and splices, first aid, and so much more. The book will have a very practical feel with lots of examples.
Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................xi Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. xiii Author .....................................................................................................................xv 1. Research Vessels of the Past and Present—A Brief History of Seagoing Science .............................................................................................1 Timekeeping .....................................................................................................2 Oceanography Origins ...................................................................................3 United States Academic Research Vessels ...................................................6 Additional Reading .........................................................................................8 Exercises ............................................................................................................8 2. Seagoing Skills—Crews, Scientific Party, Logistics, Emergencies, First Aid, and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ..............9 Shipboard Organization ............................................................................... 10 The Scientific Party........................................................................................ 12 Emergencies ................................................................................................... 13 First Aid and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation......................................... 15 Additional Reading ....................................................................................... 18 Exercises .......................................................................................................... 18 3. Research Vessel Construction—Terminology, Equipment, and Machinery ...................................................................................................... 19 Terminology ................................................................................................... 20 Structural Components ................................................................................22 Additional Reading .......................................................................................25 Exercises .......................................................................................................... 26 4. Stability and Trim—Tonnage, Safety of Life at Sea, Maritime Organizations, and Sea Change ................................................................27 Transverse Stability .......................................................................................28 Tonnage ...........................................................................................................30 Safety of Life at Sea ....................................................................................... 31 Other US Maritime Organizations .............................................................33 Sea Change .....................................................................................................34 Additional Reading .......................................................................................36 Exercises ..........................................................................................................36 5. Science Spaces—Open Deck, Wet Lab, Dry Lab, Computer Lab, Stateroom, Lockers ....................................................................................... 37 Deck Layout .................................................................................................... 37 Other Spaces for the Scientific Party .......................................................... 39 Large Research Vessel Science Spaces ........................................................40 Additional Reading .......................................................................................42 Exercises ..........................................................................................................43 6. Mariner’s Compass—True and Magnetic, Variation, Deviation, Correcting, and Uncorrecting ....................................................................45 Marine Compasses ........................................................................................46 The Napier Diagram .....................................................................................47 The Binnacle ...................................................................................................49 Additional Reading ....................................................................................... 51 Exercises .......................................................................................................... 51 7. Coastal Navigation—Nautical Charts, Geographic Positioning, Marine Electronics, and Instruments .......................................................53 The Nautical Chart ........................................................................................55 Visual Navigation ..........................................................................................58 Electronic Navigation ...................................................................................60 Additional Reading ....................................................................................... 61 Exercises .......................................................................................................... 62 8. Rules of the Road—Classes of Vessels, Lights, Day Shapes, Maneuvering, and Collision Avoidance ..................................................63 Collision Avoidance ......................................................................................65 Lights and Shapes.......................................................................................... 67 Sound Signals ................................................................................................. 70 Additional Reading .......................................................................................71 Exercises ..........................................................................................................72 9. Marlinspike Seamanship—Lines, Knots, Splices, Blocks, Tackle, Cleats, and Fairleads ......................................................................73 Shipboard Cordage........................................................................................73 Knots ............................................................................................................... 74 Splices .............................................................................................................. 78 Block and Tackle ............................................................................................80 Cleats and Fairleads ...................................................................................... 81 Additional Reading ....................................................................................... 82 Exercises .......................................................................................................... 82 10. Trailerable Boats—Hubs and Hitches, Trailering, Boat Ramps, Launching, Recovery, and Anchoring ......................................................83 Trailering, Launching, and Recovery .........................................................84 Anchors ...........................................................................................................86 Anchoring ....................................................................................................... 89 Additional Reading .......................................................................................89 Exercises ..........................................................................................................90 11. Handling Equipment—Superstructure, Deck Machinery, Wire Ropes, Clothing, and Commands ............................................................. 91 Wire Rope ....................................................................................................... 93 Clothing ..........................................................................................................96 Commands ..................................................................................................... 97 Additional Reading .......................................................................................99 Exercises ..........................................................................................................99 12. Oceanographic Stations—Preparation, Time, Position, Weather, Personnel, and Ancillary Data ................................................................. 101 Station Preparation ...................................................................................... 104 Ancillary Data .............................................................................................. 104 Voluntary Observing Ship Digital Input ................................................. 109 Apparent Wind → True Wind ................................................................... 110 Additional Reading ..................................................................................... 112 Exercises ........................................................................................................ 113 13. Cruise Planning and Execution—Project Instructions, Foreign Waters, Geographic Names, and Tides and Tidal Currents............... 115 Project Instructions ..................................................................................... 117 Exclusive Economic Zone ........................................................................... 119 Geographic Names ...................................................................................... 120 Tides .............................................................................................................. 120 Tidal Currents .............................................................................................. 124 Additional Reading ..................................................................................... 126 Exercises ........................................................................................................ 126 14. Underwater Operations—Planning, Equipment, Safety, Diving, American Academy of Underwater Sciences Certification, and Underwater Archeology ............................................................................ 127 Equipment .................................................................................................... 128 Dive Operations ........................................................................................... 132 Underwater Archeology ............................................................................. 134 Additional Reading ..................................................................................... 136 Exercises ........................................................................................................ 136 15. Celestial Navigation—Spherical Trigonometry, Spherical Triangles, Azimuth, Sextant Altitude, Amplitude, and Line of Position ........................................................................................................137 Spherical Trigonometry .............................................................................. 137 Morning Amplitude .................................................................................... 140 Morning Sunline ......................................................................................... 142 Local Apparent Noon ................................................................................. 145 Morning Star Sight ...................................................................................... 147 Additional Reading ..................................................................................... 152 Exercises ........................................................................................................ 152 Appendix A: Timeline of Important Events in Ocean Science and Engineering ......................................................................................................... 153 Additional Reading ..................................................................................... 158 Appendix B: Glossary of Important Terms for Seagoing Scientists and Engineers ..................................................................................................... 161 Additional Reading ..................................................................................... 172 Appendix C: Answers to Exercises for Seagoing Scientists and Engineers ............................................................................................................. 173 Chapter 1 ....................................................................................................... 173 Chapter 2 ....................................................................................................... 173 Chapter 3 ....................................................................................................... 174 Chapter 4 ....................................................................................................... 174 Chapter 5 ....................................................................................................... 175 Chapter 6 ....................................................................................................... 176 Chapter 7 ....................................................................................................... 177 Chapter 8 ....................................................................................................... 178 Chapter 9 ....................................................................................................... 178 Chapter 10 ..................................................................................................... 179 Chapter 11 ..................................................................................................... 180 Chapter 12 ..................................................................................................... 181 Chapter 13 ..................................................................................................... 182 Chapter 14 ..................................................................................................... 183 Chapter 15 ..................................................................................................... 183 Index ..................................................................................................................... 185
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The oceanographer's companion : essential nautical skills for seagoing scientists and engineers
Language: english
Author: Maul, George A
Genre: Handbook
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498773060,978-1-4987-7306-5
Format: PDF
Quality: eBook
Pages count: 207
Description: Scientists and engineers embarking on their first voyage for oceanographic or meteorological research are often unprepared for the experience. Going to sea involves learning a new language – that of the seaman. This is necessary for clear communications, for the safety and well-being of the members of the scientific party and the ship’s crew. The Oceanographer’s Companion is intended to familiarize a student with the basics of navigation, seamanship, marine engineering, communications, safety-of-life-at-sea, shiphandling, knots and splices, first aid, and so much more. The book will have a very practical feel with lots of examples.
Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................xiAcknowledgments .............................................................................................. xiii
Author .....................................................................................................................xv
1. Research Vessels of the Past and Present—A Brief History of
Seagoing Science .............................................................................................1
Timekeeping .....................................................................................................2
Oceanography Origins ...................................................................................3
United States Academic Research Vessels ...................................................6
Additional Reading .........................................................................................8
Exercises ............................................................................................................8
2. Seagoing Skills—Crews, Scientific Party, Logistics,
Emergencies, First Aid, and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ..............9
Shipboard Organization ............................................................................... 10
The Scientific Party........................................................................................ 12
Emergencies ................................................................................................... 13
First Aid and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation......................................... 15
Additional Reading ....................................................................................... 18
Exercises .......................................................................................................... 18
3. Research Vessel Construction—Terminology, Equipment, and
Machinery ...................................................................................................... 19
Terminology ................................................................................................... 20
Structural Components ................................................................................22
Additional Reading .......................................................................................25
Exercises .......................................................................................................... 26
4. Stability and Trim—Tonnage, Safety of Life at Sea, Maritime
Organizations, and Sea Change ................................................................27
Transverse Stability .......................................................................................28
Tonnage ...........................................................................................................30
Safety of Life at Sea ....................................................................................... 31
Other US Maritime Organizations .............................................................33
Sea Change .....................................................................................................34
Additional Reading .......................................................................................36
Exercises ..........................................................................................................36
5. Science Spaces—Open Deck, Wet Lab, Dry Lab, Computer Lab,
Stateroom, Lockers ....................................................................................... 37
Deck Layout .................................................................................................... 37
Other Spaces for the Scientific Party .......................................................... 39
Large Research Vessel Science Spaces ........................................................40
Additional Reading .......................................................................................42
Exercises ..........................................................................................................43
6. Mariner’s Compass—True and Magnetic, Variation, Deviation,
Correcting, and Uncorrecting ....................................................................45
Marine Compasses ........................................................................................46
The Napier Diagram .....................................................................................47
The Binnacle ...................................................................................................49
Additional Reading ....................................................................................... 51
Exercises .......................................................................................................... 51
7. Coastal Navigation—Nautical Charts, Geographic Positioning,
Marine Electronics, and Instruments .......................................................53
The Nautical Chart ........................................................................................55
Visual Navigation ..........................................................................................58
Electronic Navigation ...................................................................................60
Additional Reading ....................................................................................... 61
Exercises .......................................................................................................... 62
8. Rules of the Road—Classes of Vessels, Lights, Day Shapes,
Maneuvering, and Collision Avoidance ..................................................63
Collision Avoidance ......................................................................................65
Lights and Shapes.......................................................................................... 67
Sound Signals ................................................................................................. 70
Additional Reading .......................................................................................71
Exercises ..........................................................................................................72
9. Marlinspike Seamanship—Lines, Knots, Splices, Blocks,
Tackle, Cleats, and Fairleads ......................................................................73
Shipboard Cordage........................................................................................73
Knots ............................................................................................................... 74
Splices .............................................................................................................. 78
Block and Tackle ............................................................................................80
Cleats and Fairleads ...................................................................................... 81
Additional Reading ....................................................................................... 82
Exercises .......................................................................................................... 82
10. Trailerable Boats—Hubs and Hitches, Trailering, Boat Ramps,
Launching, Recovery, and Anchoring ......................................................83
Trailering, Launching, and Recovery .........................................................84
Anchors ...........................................................................................................86
Anchoring ....................................................................................................... 89
Additional Reading .......................................................................................89
Exercises ..........................................................................................................90
11. Handling Equipment—Superstructure, Deck Machinery, Wire
Ropes, Clothing, and Commands ............................................................. 91
Wire Rope ....................................................................................................... 93
Clothing ..........................................................................................................96
Commands ..................................................................................................... 97
Additional Reading .......................................................................................99
Exercises ..........................................................................................................99
12. Oceanographic Stations—Preparation, Time, Position, Weather,
Personnel, and Ancillary Data ................................................................. 101
Station Preparation ...................................................................................... 104
Ancillary Data .............................................................................................. 104
Voluntary Observing Ship Digital Input ................................................. 109
Apparent Wind → True Wind ................................................................... 110
Additional Reading ..................................................................................... 112
Exercises ........................................................................................................ 113
13. Cruise Planning and Execution—Project Instructions, Foreign
Waters, Geographic Names, and Tides and Tidal Currents............... 115
Project Instructions ..................................................................................... 117
Exclusive Economic Zone ........................................................................... 119
Geographic Names ...................................................................................... 120
Tides .............................................................................................................. 120
Tidal Currents .............................................................................................. 124
Additional Reading ..................................................................................... 126
Exercises ........................................................................................................ 126
14. Underwater Operations—Planning, Equipment, Safety, Diving,
American Academy of Underwater Sciences Certification, and
Underwater Archeology ............................................................................ 127
Equipment .................................................................................................... 128
Dive Operations ........................................................................................... 132
Underwater Archeology ............................................................................. 134
Additional Reading ..................................................................................... 136
Exercises ........................................................................................................ 136
15. Celestial Navigation—Spherical Trigonometry, Spherical
Triangles, Azimuth, Sextant Altitude, Amplitude, and Line of
Position ........................................................................................................137
Spherical Trigonometry .............................................................................. 137
Morning Amplitude .................................................................................... 140
Morning Sunline ......................................................................................... 142
Local Apparent Noon ................................................................................. 145
Morning Star Sight ...................................................................................... 147
Additional Reading ..................................................................................... 152
Exercises ........................................................................................................ 152
Appendix A: Timeline of Important Events in Ocean Science and
Engineering ......................................................................................................... 153
Additional Reading ..................................................................................... 158
Appendix B: Glossary of Important Terms for Seagoing Scientists
and Engineers ..................................................................................................... 161
Additional Reading ..................................................................................... 172
Appendix C: Answers to Exercises for Seagoing Scientists and
Engineers ............................................................................................................. 173
Chapter 1 ....................................................................................................... 173
Chapter 2 ....................................................................................................... 173
Chapter 3 ....................................................................................................... 174
Chapter 4 ....................................................................................................... 174
Chapter 5 ....................................................................................................... 175
Chapter 6 ....................................................................................................... 176
Chapter 7 ....................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 8 ....................................................................................................... 178
Chapter 9 ....................................................................................................... 178
Chapter 10 ..................................................................................................... 179
Chapter 11 ..................................................................................................... 180
Chapter 12 ..................................................................................................... 181
Chapter 13 ..................................................................................................... 182
Chapter 14 ..................................................................................................... 183
Chapter 15 ..................................................................................................... 183
Index ..................................................................................................................... 185
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