Year: 2006 Language: english Author: OCIMF Genre: Technical book Publisher: Whiterby Edition: Fifth Edition ISBN: 978-1-8560-9291-3 Format: PDF Quality: OCR without errors Pages count: 350 Description: Purpose and scope. Bibliography. Definitions. Basic properties of Petreolum. Hazards of Petroleum. Static Electricity. General Hazards for ship and terminal. Fire-fighting. Security. Shipboard systems. Ship's equipment. Management of safety and emergencies. Enclosed spaces. Shipboard operations. Carriage and storage of hazardous materials. Human element considerations. Special ship types. Terminal management and organisation. Terminal operations. Terminal systems and equipment. Cargo transfer equipment. Safety and fire protection. Emergency preparedness. Emergency evacuation. Communciations ...
Contents
1 HAZARDS OF PETROLEUM 1.1 Flammability 1.1.1 Flammability Classification 1.1.2 Gas Density 1.2 Toxicity 1.2.1 Introduction 1.2.2 Liquid Petroleum 1.2.3 Petroleum Gases 1.2.4 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) 1.2.5 Benzene and Other Aromatic Hydrocarbons 1.2.6 Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) 1.2.7 Mercaptans 1.2.8 Gasolines Containing Tetraethyl Leas (TEL) or Tetramethyl Lead (TML) 1.2.9 Inert Gas 1.2.10 Oxygen Deficiency 1.3 Gas Measurement 1.3.1 Introduction 1.3.2 Measurement of Hydrocarbon Concentration 1.3.3 Flammable Gas Monitors (Explosimeter) 1.3.4 Tankscope (Non-Catalytic Heated Filament Gas Indicator) 1.3.5 Inferometer (Refractive Index Meter) 1.3.6 Infra-Red Instruments 1.3.7 Measurement of Low Concentrations of Toxic Gases 1.3.8 Fixed Gas Detection Installations 1.3.9 Measurement of Oxygen Concentrations 1.3.10 Use of Oxygen Analysers 1.3.11 Multi Gas Instruments 1.3.12 Personal Gas Monitors 1.3.13 Gas Sample Lines and Sampling Procedures 1.3.14 Filters in Sample Lines 1.4 Hydrocarbon Gas Evolution and Dispersion 1.4.1 Introduction 1.4.2 Gas Evolution and Venting 1.4.3 Gas Dispersion 1.4.4 Variables Affecting Dispersion 1.4.5 Minimising Hazards from Vented Gas 1.4.6 Loading Very High Vapour Pressure Cargoes1.5 Pyrophoric Iron Sulphide 1.5.1 Pyrophoric Iron Sulphide 1.5.2 Formation of Pyrophors 1.5.3 Prevention of Pyrophoric Ignition in Inerted Cargo Tanks 1.6 The Hazards Associated with the Handling, Storage and Carriage of Residual Fuel Oils 1.6.1 General 1.6.2 Nature of Hazard 1.6.3 Flashpoint and Headspace Flammability Measurement 1.6.4 Precautionary Measures 1.6.5 Hydrogen Sulphide Hazard 2 BASIC PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM 2.1 Vapour Pressure 2.1.1 True Vapour Pressure 2.1.2 Reid Vapour Pressure 2.2 Flammability 2.2.1 General 2.2.2 Flammable Limits 2.2.3 Effect of Inert Gas on Flammability 2.2.4 Tests for Flammability 2.2.5 Flashpoint 2.2.6 Flammability Classification of Petroleum 2.3 Density of Hydrocarbon Gases 3 STATIC ELECTRICITY 3.1 Principles of Electrostatics 3.1.1 Summary 3.1.2 Charge Separation 3.1.3 Charge Accumulation 3.1.4 Electrostatic Discharge 3.1.5 Electrostatic Properties of Gases and Mists 3.2 General Precautions Against Electrostatic Hazards 3.2.1 Overview 3.2.2 Bonding 3.2.3 Avoiding Loose Conductive Objects 3.3 Other Sources of Electrostatic Hazards 3.3.1 Filters 3.3.2 Fixed Equipment in Cargo Tanks 3.3.3 Free Fall in Tanks 3.3.4 Water Mists 3.3.5 Inert Gas 3.3.6 Discharge of Carbon Dioxide 3.3.7 Clothing and Footwear 3.3.8 Synthetic Materials 4 GENERAL HAZARDS FOR SHIP AND TERMINAL 4.1 General Principles 4.2 Control of Potential Ignition Sources 4.2.1 Naked Flames 4.2.2 Smoking 4.2.3 Galley Stoves and Cooking Appliances 4.2.4 Engine and Boiler Rooms 4.3 Portable Electrical Equipment 4.3.1 General4.3.2 Lamps or Other Electrical Equipment on Flexible Cables (Wandering Leads) 4.3.3 Air Driven Lamps 4.3.4 Flashlights (Torches), Lamps and Portable Battery Powered Equipment 4.3.5 Cameras 4.3.6 Other Portable Electrical Equipment 4.4 Management of Electrical Equipment and Installations in Dangerous Areas 4.4.1 General 4.4.2 Dangerous and Hazardous Areas 4.4.3 Electrical Equipment 4.4.4 Inspection and Maintenance of Electrical Equipment 4.4.5 Electrical Repairs, Maintenance and Test Work at Terminals 4.5 Use of Tools 4.5.1 Grit Blasting and Mechanically Powered Tools 4.5.2 Hand Tools 4.6 Equipment Made of Aluminium 4.7 Cathodic Protection Anodes in Cargo Tanks 4.8 Communications Equipment 4.8.1 General 4.8.2 Ship’s Radio Equipment 4.8.3 Ship’s Radar Equipment 4.8.4 Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) 4.8.5 Telephones 4.8.6 Mobile Telephones 4.8.7 Pagers 4.9 Spontaneous Combustion 4.10 Auto-Ignition 5 FIRE-FIGHTING 5.1 Theory of Fire-Fighting 5.2 Types of Fire and Appropriate Extinguishing Agents 5.2.1 Class A – Ordinary (Solid) Combustible Material Fires 5.2.2 Class B – Fires Involving Flammable and Combustible Hydrocarbon Liquids 5.2.3 Class C- Electrical Equipment Fires 5.3 Extinguishing Agents 5.3.1 Cooling Agents 5.3.2 Smothering Agents 5.3.3 Flame Inhibiting Agents 6 SECURITY 6.1 General 6.2 Security Assessments 6.3 Responsibilities under the ISPS Code 6.4 Security Plans PART 2: TANKER INFORMATION 7 SHIPBOARD SYSTEMS 7.1 Fixed Inert Gas System 7.1.1 General 7.1.2 Sources of Inert Gas 7.1.3 Composition and Quality of Inert Gas 7.1.4 Methods of Replacing Tank Atmospheres 7.1.5 Cargo Tank Atmosphere Control7.1.6 Application to Cargo Tank Operations 7.1.7 Precautions to be Taken to Avoid Health Hazards 7.1.8 Cargo Tank Protection 7.1.9 Emergency Inert Gas Supply 7.1.10 Product Carriers Required to be Fitted with an Inert Gas System 7.1.11 Cold Weather Precautions for Inert Gas Systems 7.1.12 Inert Gas System Failure 7.1.13 Inert Gas Plant Repairs 7.2 Venting Systems 7.3 Cargo and Ballast Systems 7.3.1 Operation Manual 7.3.2 Cargo and Ballast System Integrity 7.3.3 Loading Rates 7.4 Power and Propulsion Systems 7.5 Vapour Emission Control (VEC) Systems 7.6 Stern Loading and Discharge Arrangements 8 SHIP’S EQUIPMENT 8.1 Shipboard Fire-Fighting Equipment 8.1.1 General 8.1.2 Tanker Fixed Fire-Fighting Installations – Cooling 8.1.3 Tanker Fixed Fire-Fighting Installations – Smothering 8.1.4 Portable Fire Extinguishers 8.2 Gas Testing 8.2.1 Introduction 8.2.2 Summary of Gas Testing Tasks 8.2.3 The Provision of Gas Measurement Instruments 8.2.4 Alarm Functions on Gas Measuring Instruments 8.2.5 Sampling Lines 8.2.6 Calibration 8.2.7 Operational Testing 8.2.8 Disposable Personal Gas Monitors 8.3 Lifting Equipment 8.3.1 Inspection and Maintenance 8.3.2 Training 9 MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY AND EMERGENCIES 9.1 The International Safety Management (ISM) Code 9.2 Safety Management Systems 9.2.1 Risk Assessment 9.3 Permit to Work Systems 9.3.1 General 9.3.2 Permit to Work System – Structure 9.3.3 Permit to Work Systems – Principles of Operation 9.3.4 Permit to Work Forms 9.3.5 Operations Meetings 9.4 Hot Work 9.4.1 Control of Hot Work 9.4.2 Checks by the Responsible Officer 9.4.3 Hot Work Inside the Machinery Space 9.4.4 Hot Work Outside the Machinery Space 9.5 Welding and Burning Equipment 9.6 Other Hazardous Tasks 9.7 Management of Contractors 9.8 Repairs at a Facility Other Than a Shipyard 9.8.1 Introduction9.8.2 General 9.8.3 Supervision and Control 9.8.4 Pre-Arrival Planning 9.8.5 Mooring Arrangements 9.8.6 Shore Facilities 9.8.7 Pre-Work Safety Meeting 9.8.8 Work Permits 9.8.9 Tank Condition 9.8.10 Cargo Lines 9.8.11 Fire-Fighting Precautions 9.8.12 Safety Officer 9.8.13 Safe Access 9.8.14 Hot Work 9.9 Shipboard Emergency Management 9.9.1 General 9.9.2 Tanker Emergency Plan 9.9.3 Actions in the Event of an Emergency 10 ENCLOSED SPACE ENTRY 10.1 Enclosed Spaces 10.2 Hazards of Enclosed Spaces 10.2.1 Assessment of Risk 10.2.2 Respiratory Hazards 10.2.3 Hydrocarbon Vapours 10.2.4 Toxic Gases 10.2.5 Oxygen Deficiency 10.2.6 Products of Inert Gas 10.3 Atmosphere Tests Prior to Entry 10.4 Control of Entry into Enclosed Spaces 10.5 Safeguards for Enclosed Space Entry 10.6 Emergency Procedures 10.6.1 Evacuation from Enclosed Spaces 10.6.2 Rescue from Enclosed Spaces 10.6.3 Resuscitation 10.7 Entry into Enclosed Spaces with Atmospheres Known or Suspected to be Unsafe for Entry 10.8 Respiratory Protective Equipment 10.8.1 Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) 10.8.2 Air Line Breathing Apparatus 10.8.3 Emergency Escape Breathing Device 10.8.4 Cartridge or Canister Face Masks 10.8.5 Hose Mask (Fresh Air Breathing Apparatus) 10.8.6 Equipment Maintenance 10.8.7 Stowage 10.8.8 Training 10.9 Work in Enclosed Spaces 10.9.1 General Requirements 10.9.2 Opening up Equipment and Fittings 10.9.3 Use of Tools 10.9.4 Electric Lights and Electrical Equipment Use 10.9.5 Removal of Sludge, Scale and Sediment 10.9.6 Work Boats 10.10 Pumproom Entry Precautions 10.10.1 Ventilation 10.10.2 Pumproom Entry Procedures 10.11 Pumproom Operational Precautions 10.11.1 General Precautions 10.11.2 Cargo and Ballast Line Draining Procedures10.11.3 Routine Maintenance and Housekeeping Issues 10.11.4 Maintenance of Electrical Equipment in the Pumproom 10.11.5 Inspection and Maintenance of Pumproom Ventilation Fans 10.11.6 Testing of Alarms and Trips 10.11.7 Miscellaneous 11 SHIPBOARD OPERATIONS 11.1 Cargo Operations 11.1.1 General 11.1.2 Setting of Lines and Valves 11.1.3 Valve Operation 11.1.4 Pressure Surges 11.1.5 Butterfly and Non-Return (Check) Valves 11.1.6 Loading Procedures 11.1.7 Loading Static Accumulator Oils 11.1.8 Loading Very High Vapour Pressure Cargoes 11.1.9 Loading Cargoes Containing Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) 11.1.10 Loading Heated Products 11.1.11 Loading from the Top (Sometimes known ‘Loading Overall’) 11.1.12 Loading at Terminals having Vapour Emission Control Systems 11.1.13 General Discharging Procedures 11.1.14 Pipeline and Hose Clearing Following Cargo Operations 11.2 Stability, Stress, Trim and ‘Sloshing’ Considerations 11.3 Tank Cleaning 11.3.1 General 11.3.2 Supervision and Preparation 11.3.3 Cargo Tank Washing and Cleaning 11.3.4 Precautions for Tank Washing 11.4 Gas Freeing 11.4.1 General 11.4.2 Gas Free for Entry without Breathing Apparatus 11.4.3 Procedures and Precautions 11.4.4 Gas Testing and Measurement 11.4.5 Fixed Gas Freeing Equipment 11.4.6 Portable Fans 11.4.7 Ventilating Double Hull Ballast Tanks 11.4.8 Gas Free in Preparation for Hot Work 11.5 Crude Oil Washing 11.5.1 General 11.5.2 Advance Notice 11.5.3 Tank Washing Machines 11.5.4 Control of Tank Atmosphere 11.5.5 Precautions Against Leakage from the Washing System 11.5.6 Avoidance of Oil/Water Mixtures 11.5.7 Isolation of the Tank Cleaning Heater 11.5.8 Control of Vapour Emissions 11.5.9 Supervision 11.5.10 Cautionary Notice 11.6 Ballast Operations 11.6.1 Introduction 11.6.2 General 11.6.3 Loading Cargo Tank Ballast 11.6.4 Loading Segregated Ballast 11.6.5 Deballasting in Port 11.6.6 Discharging Segregated Ballast 11.7 Cargo Measurement, Ullaging, Dipping and Sampling 11.7.1 General 11.7.2 Measuring and Sampling Non-inerted Tanks 11.7.3 Measuring and Sampling Inerted Tanks11.7.4 Measuring and Sampling Cargoes Containing Toxic Substances 11.7.5 Closed Gauging for Custody Transfer 11.8 Ship To Ship Transfer 11.8.1 Ship to Ship Transfers 11.8.2 Ship to Barge Transfers 11.8.3 Ship to Ship Transfers Using Vapour Balancing 11.8.4 Ship to Ship Transfers Using Terminal Facilities 11.8.5 Ship to Ship Electric Currents 11.9 Ship’s Moorings 11.9.1 General 11.9.2 Tanker’s Mooring Equipment 11.9.3 Tanker Mooring Operations 12 CARRIAGE AND STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 12.1 Liquefied Gases 12.2 Ship’s Stores 12.2.1 General 12.2.2 Paint 12.2.3 Chemicals 12.2.4 Cleaning Liquids 12.3 Cargo Samples 12.4 Other Materials 12.4.1 Sawdust, Oil Absorbant Granules and Pads 12.4.2 Garbage 12.5 Packaged Cargoes 12.5.1 Petroleum and other Flammable Liquids 12.5.2 Dangerous Goods 12.5.3 Entry into Holds 12.5.4 Portable Electrical Equipment 12.5.5 Smothering Type Fire Extinguishing Systems 12.5.6 Fire-Fighting Precautions 12.5.7 Forecastle Spaces and Midship Stores 12.5.8 Deck Cargo 12.5.9 Barges 13 HUMAN ELEMENT CONSIDERATIONS 13.1 Manning Levels 13.2 Training and Experience 13.3 Hours of Rest 13.3.1 Statutory Requirements 13.3.2 Fatigue 13.4 Drug and Alcohol Policy 13.4.1 Industry Guidelines 13.4.2 Control of Alcohol 13.4.3 Drug and Alcohol Testing Programs 13.5 Drug Trafficking 14 SPECIAL SHIP TYPES 14.1 Combination Carriers 14.1.1 General Instructions 14.1.2 Types of Combination Carriers 14.1.3 Slack Holds in Combination Carriers 14.1.4 Sloshing 14.1.5 Longitudinal Stress14.1.6 Venting of Cargo Holds 14.1.7 Inert Gas 14.1.8 Hatch Covers 14.1.9 Tank Washing 14.1.10 Carriage of Slops when Trading a Dry Bulk Carrier 14.1.11 Leakage into Ballast Tanks on Combination Carriers 14.1.12 Testing of Cargo Tanks and Enclosed Spaces on Dry Bulk Voyages 14.1.13 Cargo Changeover Check Lists 14.2 LPG Carriers Carrying Petroleum Products 14.2.1 General 14.2.2 Product Limitations 14.2.3 Pre-Loading Preparations 14.2.4 Loading of Pentane Plus and Naphtha 14.2.5 Cargo Sampling 14.2.6 Loading, Carriage and Discharge Procedures 14.2.7 Tank Cleaning/ Changeover Procedures PART 3: TERMINAL INFORMATION 15 TERMINAL MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION 15.1 Compliance 15.2 Hazard Identification and Risk Management 15.3 Operating Manual 15.4 Terminal Information and Port Regulations 15.5 Supervision and Control 15.5.1 Manning Levels 15.5.2 De-Manning of Berths 15.5.3 Checks During Cargo Handling 15.5.4 Training 15.6 Vessel and Berth Compatibility 15.6.1 Maximum Draft 15.6.2 Maximum Displacement 15.6.3 Length Overall (LOA) 15.6.4 Other Criteria 15.7 Documentation 16 TERMINAL OPERATIONS 16.1 Pre-Arrival Communications 16.2 Mooring 16.2.1 Mooring Equipment 16.3 Limiting Conditions for Operations 16.4 Ship/Shore Access 16.4.1 General 16.4.2 Access Equipment 16.4.3 Provision of Ship/Shore Access 16.4.4 Siting of Gangways 16.4.5 Safety Nets 16.4.6 Routine Maintenance 16.4.7 Unauthorised Persons 16.4.8 Persons Smoking or Intoxicated 16.5 Double Banking 16.6 Over-The-Tide Cargo Operations 16.7 Operations where the Vessel is not Always Afloat 16.8 Generation of Pressure Surges in Pipelines 16.8.1 Introduction16.8.2 Generation of a Pressure Surge 16.9 Assessment of Pressure Surges 16.9.1 Effective Valve Closure Time 16.9.2 Derivation of Total Pressure in the System 16.9.3 Overall System Design 16.10 Reduction of Pressure Surge Hazard 16.10.1 General Precautions 16.10.2 Limitation of Flow Rate to Avoid the Risk of a Damaging Pressure Surge 16.11 Pipeline Flow Control as a Static Precaution 16.11.1 General 16.11.2 Flow Control Requirements 16.11.3 Controlling Loading Rates 16.11.4 Discharge into Shore Installations 17 TERMINAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT 17.1 Siting of Electrical Equipment 17.2 Fendering 17.2.1 Fender Operating Limits for Berthing 17.3 Lifting Equipment 17.3.1 Inspection and Maintenance 17.3.2 Training in the Use of Lifting Equipment 17.4 Lighting 17.5 Ship/Shore Electrical Isolation 17.5.1 General 17.5.2 Ship to Shore Electric Currents 17.5.3 Sea Islands 17.5.4 Ship/Shore Bonding Cables 17.5.6 Insulating Flange 17.6 Earthing and Bonding Practice in the Terminal 18 CARGO TRANSFER EQUIPMENT 18.1 Metal Cargo Arms 18.1.1 Operating Envelope 18.1.2 Forces on Manifolds 18.1.3 Tanker Manifold Restrictions 18.1.4 Inadvertent Filling of Arms while Parked 18.1.5 Ice Formation 18.1.6 Mechanical Couplers 18.1.7 Wind Forces 18.1.8 Precautions when Connecting Arms 18.1.9 Precautions while Arms are Connected 18.1.10 Powered Emergency Release Couplings (PERCs) 18.2 Cargo Hoses 18.2.1 General 18.2.2 Types and Applications 18.2.3 Performance 18.2.4 Marking 18.2.5 Flow Velocities 18.2.6 Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Requirements for Dock Cargo Hoses 18.2.7 Hose Flange Standards 18.2.8 Operating Conditions 18.2.9 Extended Storage 18.2.10 Checks Before Hose Handling 18.2.11 Handling, Lifting and Suspending 18.2.12 Adjustment During Cargo Handling Operations 18.2.13 Submarine and Floating Hose Strings 18.3 Vapour Emission Control Systems19 SAFETY AND FIRE PROTECTION 19.1 Safety 19.1.1 Design Considerations 19.1.2 Safety Management 19.1.3 Permit to work Systems – General Considerations 19.2 Marine Terminal Fire Protection 19.2.1 General 19.2.2 Fire Prevention and Isolation 19.2.3 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems 19.2.4 Automatic Detection Systems 19.2.5 Selection of Fire Detectors 19.2.6 Location and Spacing of Fire Detectors 19.2.7 Fixed Combustible and Toxic Gas Detectors 19.2.8 Locating Fixed Combustible and Toxic Gas Detectors 19.2.9 Fixed Combustible and Toxic Gas Analysers 19.2.10 Fire Extinguishing System Capability 19.3 Alarm and Signalling Systems 19.3.1 Types of Alarm Systems 19.3.2 Types of Signal 19.3.3 Alarm and Signalling System Design 19.3.4 Alternative Alarm and Signalling System Design 19.3.5 Detection and Alarm System Circuit Design – Fire Extinguishing System Interface 19.3.6 Electric Power Sources 19.4 Detection and Alarm Systems at Terminal Handling Crude Oil and Petroleum Products 19.4.1 General 19.4.2 Control Rooms/ Control Buildings 19.5 Fire Protection 19.5.1 Terminal Fire Fighting Equipment 19.5.2 Portable and wheeled Fire Extinguishers and Monitors 19.5.3 Terminal Fixed Fire Fighting Equipment 19.6 Water-borne Fire Fighting Equipment 19.7 Protective Clothing 19.8 Access for Fire Fighting Services 20 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS 20.1 Overview 20.2 Terminal Emergency Planning – Plan Components and Procedures 20.2.1 Preparation 20.2.2 Control 20.2.3 Communications and Alarms 20.2.4 Site Plans and Maps 20.2.5 Access to Equipment 20.2.6 Traffic Movement and Control 20.2.7 Outside Services 20.2.8 Training for Emergencies 20.3 Definition and Hierarchy of Emergencies 20.3.1 General 20.3.2 Hierarchy of Emergencies 20.3.3 Assessing Risks 20.4 Emergency Response Plan 20.4.1 Format 20.4.2 Preparation20.4.3 Resource Availability 20.4.4 Miscellaneous Organisational Items 20.5 Emergency Removal of Tanker from Berth 21 EMERGENCY EVACUATION 21.1 General 21.1.1 Ship Evacuation 21.1.2 Non-Essential Personnel 21.2 Evacuation and Personnel Escape Routes 21.2.1 Primary and Secondary Escape Routes 21.2.2 Protection of Personnel 21.2.3 Boat Access 21.2.4 Availability of Rescue Craft 21.2.5 Life Saving Appliances 21.3 Survival Craft 21.4 Training and Drills PART 4 – OPERATIONS CONTROLLED UNDER SHIP/SHORE INTERFACE MANAGEMENT 22 COMMUNICATIONS 22.1 Procedures and Precautions 22.1.1 Communications Equipment 22.1.2 Communications Procedures 22.1.3 Compliance with Terminal and Local Regulations 22.2 Pre-Arrival Exchange of Information 22.2.1 Exchange of Security Information 22.2.2 Tanker to Appropriate Competent Authority 22.2.3 Tanker to Terminal 22.2.4 Terminal to Tanker 22.3 Pre-Berthing Exchange of Information 22.3.1 Tanker to Terminal and/or Pilot 22.3.2 Terminal and/or Pilot to Tanker 22.4 Pre-Transfer Exchange of Information 22.4.1 Tanker to Terminal 22.4.2 Terminal to Tanker 22.5 Agreed Loading Plan 22.6 Agreed Discharge Plan 22.7 Repairs 22.7.1 Repairs on the Tanker 22.7.2 Repairs on the Terminal 22.7.3 Use of Tools on the Tanker or Terminal 23 MOORING 23.1 Personnel Safety 23.2 Security of Moorings 23.3 Preparations for Arrival 23.3.1 Tanker’s Mooring Equipment 23.3.2 Use of Tugs 23.3.3 Emergency Use of Tugs23.4 Mooring at Jetty Berths 23.4.1 Type and Quality of Mooring Lines 23.4.2 Management of Moorings at Alongside Berths 23.5 Berthing at Buoy Moorings 23.5.1 Mooring at Conventional Multi Buoy Moorings 23.5.2 Mooring at Single Point Moorings (SPM) 23.5.3 Management of Moorings at Buoy Berths 23.5.4 Additional Moorings 24 PRECAUTIONS DURING CARGO HANDLING 24.1 External Openings in Superstructures 24.2 Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems 24.3 Openings in Cargo Tanks 24.3.1 Cargo Tank Lids 24.3.2 Sighting and Ullage Ports 24.3.3 Cargo Tank Vent Outlets 24.3.4 Tank Washing Openings 24.4 Inspection of Ship’s Cargo Tanks Before Loading 24.5 Segregated Ballast Tank Lids 24.6 Ship and Shore Cargo Connections 24.6.1 Flange Connections 24.6.2 Removal of Blank Flanges 24.6.3 Reducers and Spools 24.6.4 Lighting 24.7 Accidental Oil Spillage and Leakage 24.7.1 General 24.7.2 Sea and Overboard Discharge Valves 24.7.3 Scupper Plugs 24.7.4 Spill Containment 24.7.5 Ship and Shore Cargo and Bunker Pipelines not in Use 24.8 Fire Fighting Equipment 24.9 Proximity to Other Vessels 24.9.1 Tankers at Adjacent Berths 24.9.2 General Cargo Ships at Adjacent Berths 24.9.3 Tanker Operations at General Cargo Berths 24.9.4 Tugs and Other Craft Alongside 24.10 Notices 24.10.1 Notices on the Tanker 24.10.2 Notices on the Terminal 24.11 Manning Requirements 24.12 Control of Naked Flames and Other Potential Ignition Sources 24.13 Helicopter Operations 25 BUNKERING OPERATIONS 25.1 General 25.2 Bunkering Procedures 25.3 The Bunkering Operation 25.4 The Bunkering Safety Check List 25.4.1 General 25.4.2 Guidelines for Use 25.4.3 Bunkering Safety Check List 26 SAFETY MANAGEMENT 26.1 Climatic Conditions26.1.1 Terminal Advice of Adverse Weather Conditions 26.1.2 Still Wind Conditions 26.1.3 Electrical Storms (Lightning) 26.2 Personnel Safety 26.2.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 26.2.2 Slip and Fall Hazards 26.2.3 Personal Hygiene 26.2.4 Clothing Made of Synthetic Materials 26.3 The Ship/Shore Safety Check List 26.3.1 General 26.3.2 Guidelines for Use 26.3.3 Ship/Shore Safety Check List 26.3.4 Example Safety Letter 26.4 Guidelines for Completing the Ship/Shore Safety Check List 26.5 Emergency Procedures 26.5.1 Fire or Explosion on a Berth 26.5.2 Fire on a Tanker at a Terminal 26.5.3 International Shore Fire Connection 26.5.4 Emergency Release Procedures
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ISGOTT
Year: 2006
Language: english
Author: OCIMF
Genre: Technical book
Publisher: Whiterby
Edition: Fifth Edition
ISBN: 978-1-8560-9291-3
Format: PDF
Quality: OCR without errors
Pages count: 350
Description: Purpose and scope. Bibliography. Definitions. Basic properties of Petreolum. Hazards of Petroleum. Static Electricity. General Hazards for ship and terminal. Fire-fighting. Security. Shipboard systems. Ship's equipment. Management of safety and emergencies. Enclosed spaces. Shipboard operations. Carriage and storage of hazardous materials. Human element considerations. Special ship types. Terminal management and organisation. Terminal operations. Terminal systems and equipment. Cargo transfer equipment. Safety and fire protection. Emergency preparedness. Emergency evacuation. Communciations ...
Contents
1 HAZARDS OF PETROLEUM1.1 Flammability
1.1.1 Flammability Classification
1.1.2 Gas Density
1.2 Toxicity
1.2.1 Introduction
1.2.2 Liquid Petroleum
1.2.3 Petroleum Gases
1.2.4 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
1.2.5 Benzene and Other Aromatic Hydrocarbons
1.2.6 Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)
1.2.7 Mercaptans
1.2.8 Gasolines Containing Tetraethyl Leas (TEL) or Tetramethyl Lead (TML)
1.2.9 Inert Gas
1.2.10 Oxygen Deficiency
1.3 Gas Measurement
1.3.1 Introduction
1.3.2 Measurement of Hydrocarbon Concentration
1.3.3 Flammable Gas Monitors (Explosimeter)
1.3.4 Tankscope (Non-Catalytic Heated Filament Gas Indicator)
1.3.5 Inferometer (Refractive Index Meter)
1.3.6 Infra-Red Instruments
1.3.7 Measurement of Low Concentrations of Toxic Gases
1.3.8 Fixed Gas Detection Installations
1.3.9 Measurement of Oxygen Concentrations
1.3.10 Use of Oxygen Analysers
1.3.11 Multi Gas Instruments
1.3.12 Personal Gas Monitors
1.3.13 Gas Sample Lines and Sampling Procedures
1.3.14 Filters in Sample Lines
1.4 Hydrocarbon Gas Evolution and Dispersion
1.4.1 Introduction
1.4.2 Gas Evolution and Venting
1.4.3 Gas Dispersion
1.4.4 Variables Affecting Dispersion
1.4.5 Minimising Hazards from Vented Gas
1.4.6 Loading Very High Vapour Pressure Cargoes1.5 Pyrophoric Iron Sulphide
1.5.1 Pyrophoric Iron Sulphide
1.5.2 Formation of Pyrophors
1.5.3 Prevention of Pyrophoric Ignition in Inerted Cargo Tanks
1.6 The Hazards Associated with the Handling, Storage and Carriage of
Residual Fuel Oils
1.6.1 General
1.6.2 Nature of Hazard
1.6.3 Flashpoint and Headspace Flammability Measurement
1.6.4 Precautionary Measures
1.6.5 Hydrogen Sulphide Hazard
2 BASIC PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM
2.1 Vapour Pressure
2.1.1 True Vapour Pressure
2.1.2 Reid Vapour Pressure
2.2 Flammability
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Flammable Limits
2.2.3 Effect of Inert Gas on Flammability
2.2.4 Tests for Flammability
2.2.5 Flashpoint
2.2.6 Flammability Classification of Petroleum
2.3 Density of Hydrocarbon Gases
3 STATIC ELECTRICITY
3.1 Principles of Electrostatics
3.1.1 Summary
3.1.2 Charge Separation
3.1.3 Charge Accumulation
3.1.4 Electrostatic Discharge
3.1.5 Electrostatic Properties of Gases and Mists
3.2 General Precautions Against Electrostatic Hazards
3.2.1 Overview
3.2.2 Bonding
3.2.3 Avoiding Loose Conductive Objects
3.3 Other Sources of Electrostatic Hazards
3.3.1 Filters
3.3.2 Fixed Equipment in Cargo Tanks
3.3.3 Free Fall in Tanks
3.3.4 Water Mists
3.3.5 Inert Gas
3.3.6 Discharge of Carbon Dioxide
3.3.7 Clothing and Footwear
3.3.8 Synthetic Materials
4 GENERAL HAZARDS FOR SHIP AND TERMINAL
4.1 General Principles
4.2 Control of Potential Ignition Sources
4.2.1 Naked Flames
4.2.2 Smoking
4.2.3 Galley Stoves and Cooking Appliances
4.2.4 Engine and Boiler Rooms
4.3 Portable Electrical Equipment
4.3.1 General4.3.2 Lamps or Other Electrical Equipment on Flexible Cables (Wandering Leads)
4.3.3 Air Driven Lamps
4.3.4 Flashlights (Torches), Lamps and Portable Battery Powered Equipment
4.3.5 Cameras
4.3.6 Other Portable Electrical Equipment
4.4 Management of Electrical Equipment and Installations in Dangerous Areas
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Dangerous and Hazardous Areas
4.4.3 Electrical Equipment
4.4.4 Inspection and Maintenance of Electrical Equipment
4.4.5 Electrical Repairs, Maintenance and Test Work at Terminals
4.5 Use of Tools
4.5.1 Grit Blasting and Mechanically Powered Tools
4.5.2 Hand Tools
4.6 Equipment Made of Aluminium
4.7 Cathodic Protection Anodes in Cargo Tanks
4.8 Communications Equipment
4.8.1 General
4.8.2 Ship’s Radio Equipment
4.8.3 Ship’s Radar Equipment
4.8.4 Automatic Identification Systems (AIS)
4.8.5 Telephones
4.8.6 Mobile Telephones
4.8.7 Pagers
4.9 Spontaneous Combustion
4.10 Auto-Ignition
5 FIRE-FIGHTING
5.1 Theory of Fire-Fighting
5.2 Types of Fire and Appropriate Extinguishing Agents
5.2.1 Class A – Ordinary (Solid) Combustible Material Fires
5.2.2 Class B – Fires Involving Flammable and Combustible Hydrocarbon Liquids
5.2.3 Class C- Electrical Equipment Fires
5.3 Extinguishing Agents
5.3.1 Cooling Agents
5.3.2 Smothering Agents
5.3.3 Flame Inhibiting Agents
6 SECURITY
6.1 General
6.2 Security Assessments
6.3 Responsibilities under the ISPS Code
6.4 Security Plans
PART 2: TANKER INFORMATION
7 SHIPBOARD SYSTEMS
7.1 Fixed Inert Gas System
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Sources of Inert Gas
7.1.3 Composition and Quality of Inert Gas
7.1.4 Methods of Replacing Tank Atmospheres
7.1.5 Cargo Tank Atmosphere Control7.1.6 Application to Cargo Tank Operations
7.1.7 Precautions to be Taken to Avoid Health Hazards
7.1.8 Cargo Tank Protection
7.1.9 Emergency Inert Gas Supply
7.1.10 Product Carriers Required to be Fitted with an Inert Gas System
7.1.11 Cold Weather Precautions for Inert Gas Systems
7.1.12 Inert Gas System Failure
7.1.13 Inert Gas Plant Repairs
7.2 Venting Systems
7.3 Cargo and Ballast Systems
7.3.1 Operation Manual
7.3.2 Cargo and Ballast System Integrity
7.3.3 Loading Rates
7.4 Power and Propulsion Systems
7.5 Vapour Emission Control (VEC) Systems
7.6 Stern Loading and Discharge Arrangements
8 SHIP’S EQUIPMENT
8.1 Shipboard Fire-Fighting Equipment
8.1.1 General
8.1.2 Tanker Fixed Fire-Fighting Installations – Cooling
8.1.3 Tanker Fixed Fire-Fighting Installations – Smothering
8.1.4 Portable Fire Extinguishers
8.2 Gas Testing
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.2 Summary of Gas Testing Tasks
8.2.3 The Provision of Gas Measurement Instruments
8.2.4 Alarm Functions on Gas Measuring Instruments
8.2.5 Sampling Lines
8.2.6 Calibration
8.2.7 Operational Testing
8.2.8 Disposable Personal Gas Monitors
8.3 Lifting Equipment
8.3.1 Inspection and Maintenance
8.3.2 Training
9 MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY AND EMERGENCIES
9.1 The International Safety Management (ISM) Code
9.2 Safety Management Systems
9.2.1 Risk Assessment
9.3 Permit to Work Systems
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Permit to Work System – Structure
9.3.3 Permit to Work Systems – Principles of Operation
9.3.4 Permit to Work Forms
9.3.5 Operations Meetings
9.4 Hot Work
9.4.1 Control of Hot Work
9.4.2 Checks by the Responsible Officer
9.4.3 Hot Work Inside the Machinery Space
9.4.4 Hot Work Outside the Machinery Space
9.5 Welding and Burning Equipment
9.6 Other Hazardous Tasks
9.7 Management of Contractors
9.8 Repairs at a Facility Other Than a Shipyard
9.8.1 Introduction9.8.2 General
9.8.3 Supervision and Control
9.8.4 Pre-Arrival Planning
9.8.5 Mooring Arrangements
9.8.6 Shore Facilities
9.8.7 Pre-Work Safety Meeting
9.8.8 Work Permits
9.8.9 Tank Condition
9.8.10 Cargo Lines
9.8.11 Fire-Fighting Precautions
9.8.12 Safety Officer
9.8.13 Safe Access
9.8.14 Hot Work
9.9 Shipboard Emergency Management
9.9.1 General
9.9.2 Tanker Emergency Plan
9.9.3 Actions in the Event of an Emergency
10 ENCLOSED SPACE ENTRY
10.1 Enclosed Spaces
10.2 Hazards of Enclosed Spaces
10.2.1 Assessment of Risk
10.2.2 Respiratory Hazards
10.2.3 Hydrocarbon Vapours
10.2.4 Toxic Gases
10.2.5 Oxygen Deficiency
10.2.6 Products of Inert Gas
10.3 Atmosphere Tests Prior to Entry
10.4 Control of Entry into Enclosed Spaces
10.5 Safeguards for Enclosed Space Entry
10.6 Emergency Procedures
10.6.1 Evacuation from Enclosed Spaces
10.6.2 Rescue from Enclosed Spaces
10.6.3 Resuscitation
10.7 Entry into Enclosed Spaces with Atmospheres Known or Suspected to be
Unsafe for Entry
10.8 Respiratory Protective Equipment
10.8.1 Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
10.8.2 Air Line Breathing Apparatus
10.8.3 Emergency Escape Breathing Device
10.8.4 Cartridge or Canister Face Masks
10.8.5 Hose Mask (Fresh Air Breathing Apparatus)
10.8.6 Equipment Maintenance
10.8.7 Stowage
10.8.8 Training
10.9 Work in Enclosed Spaces
10.9.1 General Requirements
10.9.2 Opening up Equipment and Fittings
10.9.3 Use of Tools
10.9.4 Electric Lights and Electrical Equipment Use
10.9.5 Removal of Sludge, Scale and Sediment
10.9.6 Work Boats
10.10 Pumproom Entry Precautions
10.10.1 Ventilation
10.10.2 Pumproom Entry Procedures
10.11 Pumproom Operational Precautions
10.11.1 General Precautions
10.11.2 Cargo and Ballast Line Draining Procedures10.11.3 Routine Maintenance and Housekeeping Issues
10.11.4 Maintenance of Electrical Equipment in the Pumproom
10.11.5 Inspection and Maintenance of Pumproom Ventilation Fans
10.11.6 Testing of Alarms and Trips
10.11.7 Miscellaneous
11 SHIPBOARD OPERATIONS
11.1 Cargo Operations
11.1.1 General
11.1.2 Setting of Lines and Valves
11.1.3 Valve Operation
11.1.4 Pressure Surges
11.1.5 Butterfly and Non-Return (Check) Valves
11.1.6 Loading Procedures
11.1.7 Loading Static Accumulator Oils
11.1.8 Loading Very High Vapour Pressure Cargoes
11.1.9 Loading Cargoes Containing Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)
11.1.10 Loading Heated Products
11.1.11 Loading from the Top (Sometimes known ‘Loading Overall’)
11.1.12 Loading at Terminals having Vapour Emission Control Systems
11.1.13 General Discharging Procedures
11.1.14 Pipeline and Hose Clearing Following Cargo Operations
11.2 Stability, Stress, Trim and ‘Sloshing’ Considerations
11.3 Tank Cleaning
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Supervision and Preparation
11.3.3 Cargo Tank Washing and Cleaning
11.3.4 Precautions for Tank Washing
11.4 Gas Freeing
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Gas Free for Entry without Breathing Apparatus
11.4.3 Procedures and Precautions
11.4.4 Gas Testing and Measurement
11.4.5 Fixed Gas Freeing Equipment
11.4.6 Portable Fans
11.4.7 Ventilating Double Hull Ballast Tanks
11.4.8 Gas Free in Preparation for Hot Work
11.5 Crude Oil Washing
11.5.1 General
11.5.2 Advance Notice
11.5.3 Tank Washing Machines
11.5.4 Control of Tank Atmosphere
11.5.5 Precautions Against Leakage from the Washing System
11.5.6 Avoidance of Oil/Water Mixtures
11.5.7 Isolation of the Tank Cleaning Heater
11.5.8 Control of Vapour Emissions
11.5.9 Supervision
11.5.10 Cautionary Notice
11.6 Ballast Operations
11.6.1 Introduction
11.6.2 General
11.6.3 Loading Cargo Tank Ballast
11.6.4 Loading Segregated Ballast
11.6.5 Deballasting in Port
11.6.6 Discharging Segregated Ballast
11.7 Cargo Measurement, Ullaging, Dipping and Sampling
11.7.1 General
11.7.2 Measuring and Sampling Non-inerted Tanks
11.7.3 Measuring and Sampling Inerted Tanks11.7.4 Measuring and Sampling Cargoes Containing Toxic Substances
11.7.5 Closed Gauging for Custody Transfer
11.8 Ship To Ship Transfer
11.8.1 Ship to Ship Transfers
11.8.2 Ship to Barge Transfers
11.8.3 Ship to Ship Transfers Using Vapour Balancing
11.8.4 Ship to Ship Transfers Using Terminal Facilities
11.8.5 Ship to Ship Electric Currents
11.9 Ship’s Moorings
11.9.1 General
11.9.2 Tanker’s Mooring Equipment
11.9.3 Tanker Mooring Operations
12 CARRIAGE AND STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
12.1 Liquefied Gases
12.2 Ship’s Stores
12.2.1 General
12.2.2 Paint
12.2.3 Chemicals
12.2.4 Cleaning Liquids
12.3 Cargo Samples
12.4 Other Materials
12.4.1 Sawdust, Oil Absorbant Granules and Pads
12.4.2 Garbage
12.5 Packaged Cargoes
12.5.1 Petroleum and other Flammable Liquids
12.5.2 Dangerous Goods
12.5.3 Entry into Holds
12.5.4 Portable Electrical Equipment
12.5.5 Smothering Type Fire Extinguishing Systems
12.5.6 Fire-Fighting Precautions
12.5.7 Forecastle Spaces and Midship Stores
12.5.8 Deck Cargo
12.5.9 Barges
13 HUMAN ELEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
13.1 Manning Levels
13.2 Training and Experience
13.3 Hours of Rest
13.3.1 Statutory Requirements
13.3.2 Fatigue
13.4 Drug and Alcohol Policy
13.4.1 Industry Guidelines
13.4.2 Control of Alcohol
13.4.3 Drug and Alcohol Testing Programs
13.5 Drug Trafficking
14 SPECIAL SHIP TYPES
14.1 Combination Carriers
14.1.1 General Instructions
14.1.2 Types of Combination Carriers
14.1.3 Slack Holds in Combination Carriers
14.1.4 Sloshing
14.1.5 Longitudinal Stress14.1.6 Venting of Cargo Holds
14.1.7 Inert Gas
14.1.8 Hatch Covers
14.1.9 Tank Washing
14.1.10 Carriage of Slops when Trading a Dry Bulk Carrier
14.1.11 Leakage into Ballast Tanks on Combination Carriers
14.1.12 Testing of Cargo Tanks and Enclosed Spaces on Dry Bulk Voyages
14.1.13 Cargo Changeover Check Lists
14.2 LPG Carriers Carrying Petroleum Products
14.2.1 General
14.2.2 Product Limitations
14.2.3 Pre-Loading Preparations
14.2.4 Loading of Pentane Plus and Naphtha
14.2.5 Cargo Sampling
14.2.6 Loading, Carriage and Discharge Procedures
14.2.7 Tank Cleaning/ Changeover Procedures
PART 3: TERMINAL INFORMATION
15 TERMINAL MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION
15.1 Compliance
15.2 Hazard Identification and Risk Management
15.3 Operating Manual
15.4 Terminal Information and Port Regulations
15.5 Supervision and Control
15.5.1 Manning Levels
15.5.2 De-Manning of Berths
15.5.3 Checks During Cargo Handling
15.5.4 Training
15.6 Vessel and Berth Compatibility
15.6.1 Maximum Draft
15.6.2 Maximum Displacement
15.6.3 Length Overall (LOA)
15.6.4 Other Criteria
15.7 Documentation
16 TERMINAL OPERATIONS
16.1 Pre-Arrival Communications
16.2 Mooring
16.2.1 Mooring Equipment
16.3 Limiting Conditions for Operations
16.4 Ship/Shore Access
16.4.1 General
16.4.2 Access Equipment
16.4.3 Provision of Ship/Shore Access
16.4.4 Siting of Gangways
16.4.5 Safety Nets
16.4.6 Routine Maintenance
16.4.7 Unauthorised Persons
16.4.8 Persons Smoking or Intoxicated
16.5 Double Banking
16.6 Over-The-Tide Cargo Operations
16.7 Operations where the Vessel is not Always Afloat
16.8 Generation of Pressure Surges in Pipelines
16.8.1 Introduction16.8.2 Generation of a Pressure Surge
16.9 Assessment of Pressure Surges
16.9.1 Effective Valve Closure Time
16.9.2 Derivation of Total Pressure in the System
16.9.3 Overall System Design
16.10 Reduction of Pressure Surge Hazard
16.10.1 General Precautions
16.10.2 Limitation of Flow Rate to Avoid the Risk of a Damaging Pressure Surge
16.11 Pipeline Flow Control as a Static Precaution
16.11.1 General
16.11.2 Flow Control Requirements
16.11.3 Controlling Loading Rates
16.11.4 Discharge into Shore Installations
17 TERMINAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
17.1 Siting of Electrical Equipment
17.2 Fendering
17.2.1 Fender Operating Limits for Berthing
17.3 Lifting Equipment
17.3.1 Inspection and Maintenance
17.3.2 Training in the Use of Lifting Equipment
17.4 Lighting
17.5 Ship/Shore Electrical Isolation
17.5.1 General
17.5.2 Ship to Shore Electric Currents
17.5.3 Sea Islands
17.5.4 Ship/Shore Bonding Cables
17.5.6 Insulating Flange
17.6 Earthing and Bonding Practice in the Terminal
18 CARGO TRANSFER EQUIPMENT
18.1 Metal Cargo Arms
18.1.1 Operating Envelope
18.1.2 Forces on Manifolds
18.1.3 Tanker Manifold Restrictions
18.1.4 Inadvertent Filling of Arms while Parked
18.1.5 Ice Formation
18.1.6 Mechanical Couplers
18.1.7 Wind Forces
18.1.8 Precautions when Connecting Arms
18.1.9 Precautions while Arms are Connected
18.1.10 Powered Emergency Release Couplings (PERCs)
18.2 Cargo Hoses
18.2.1 General
18.2.2 Types and Applications
18.2.3 Performance
18.2.4 Marking
18.2.5 Flow Velocities
18.2.6 Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Requirements for Dock Cargo Hoses
18.2.7 Hose Flange Standards
18.2.8 Operating Conditions
18.2.9 Extended Storage
18.2.10 Checks Before Hose Handling
18.2.11 Handling, Lifting and Suspending
18.2.12 Adjustment During Cargo Handling Operations
18.2.13 Submarine and Floating Hose Strings
18.3 Vapour Emission Control Systems19 SAFETY AND FIRE PROTECTION
19.1 Safety
19.1.1 Design Considerations
19.1.2 Safety Management
19.1.3 Permit to work Systems – General Considerations
19.2 Marine Terminal Fire Protection
19.2.1 General
19.2.2 Fire Prevention and Isolation
19.2.3 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems
19.2.4 Automatic Detection Systems
19.2.5 Selection of Fire Detectors
19.2.6 Location and Spacing of Fire Detectors
19.2.7 Fixed Combustible and Toxic Gas Detectors
19.2.8 Locating Fixed Combustible and Toxic Gas Detectors
19.2.9 Fixed Combustible and Toxic Gas Analysers
19.2.10 Fire Extinguishing System Capability
19.3 Alarm and Signalling Systems
19.3.1 Types of Alarm Systems
19.3.2 Types of Signal
19.3.3 Alarm and Signalling System Design
19.3.4 Alternative Alarm and Signalling System Design
19.3.5 Detection and Alarm System Circuit Design – Fire Extinguishing System
Interface
19.3.6 Electric Power Sources
19.4 Detection and Alarm Systems at Terminal Handling Crude Oil and
Petroleum Products
19.4.1 General
19.4.2 Control Rooms/ Control Buildings
19.5 Fire Protection
19.5.1 Terminal Fire Fighting Equipment
19.5.2 Portable and wheeled Fire Extinguishers and Monitors
19.5.3 Terminal Fixed Fire Fighting Equipment
19.6 Water-borne Fire Fighting Equipment
19.7 Protective Clothing
19.8 Access for Fire Fighting Services
20 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
20.1 Overview
20.2 Terminal Emergency Planning – Plan Components and Procedures
20.2.1 Preparation
20.2.2 Control
20.2.3 Communications and Alarms
20.2.4 Site Plans and Maps
20.2.5 Access to Equipment
20.2.6 Traffic Movement and Control
20.2.7 Outside Services
20.2.8 Training for Emergencies
20.3 Definition and Hierarchy of Emergencies
20.3.1 General
20.3.2 Hierarchy of Emergencies
20.3.3 Assessing Risks
20.4 Emergency Response Plan
20.4.1 Format
20.4.2 Preparation20.4.3 Resource Availability
20.4.4 Miscellaneous Organisational Items
20.5 Emergency Removal of Tanker from Berth
21 EMERGENCY EVACUATION
21.1 General
21.1.1 Ship Evacuation
21.1.2 Non-Essential Personnel
21.2 Evacuation and Personnel Escape Routes
21.2.1 Primary and Secondary Escape Routes
21.2.2 Protection of Personnel
21.2.3 Boat Access
21.2.4 Availability of Rescue Craft
21.2.5 Life Saving Appliances
21.3 Survival Craft
21.4 Training and Drills
PART 4 – OPERATIONS CONTROLLED UNDER
SHIP/SHORE INTERFACE MANAGEMENT
22 COMMUNICATIONS
22.1 Procedures and Precautions
22.1.1 Communications Equipment
22.1.2 Communications Procedures
22.1.3 Compliance with Terminal and Local Regulations
22.2 Pre-Arrival Exchange of Information
22.2.1 Exchange of Security Information
22.2.2 Tanker to Appropriate Competent Authority
22.2.3 Tanker to Terminal
22.2.4 Terminal to Tanker
22.3 Pre-Berthing Exchange of Information
22.3.1 Tanker to Terminal and/or Pilot
22.3.2 Terminal and/or Pilot to Tanker
22.4 Pre-Transfer Exchange of Information
22.4.1 Tanker to Terminal
22.4.2 Terminal to Tanker
22.5 Agreed Loading Plan
22.6 Agreed Discharge Plan
22.7 Repairs
22.7.1 Repairs on the Tanker
22.7.2 Repairs on the Terminal
22.7.3 Use of Tools on the Tanker or Terminal
23 MOORING
23.1 Personnel Safety
23.2 Security of Moorings
23.3 Preparations for Arrival
23.3.1 Tanker’s Mooring Equipment
23.3.2 Use of Tugs
23.3.3 Emergency Use of Tugs23.4 Mooring at Jetty Berths
23.4.1 Type and Quality of Mooring Lines
23.4.2 Management of Moorings at Alongside Berths
23.5 Berthing at Buoy Moorings
23.5.1 Mooring at Conventional Multi Buoy Moorings
23.5.2 Mooring at Single Point Moorings (SPM)
23.5.3 Management of Moorings at Buoy Berths
23.5.4 Additional Moorings
24 PRECAUTIONS DURING CARGO HANDLING
24.1 External Openings in Superstructures
24.2 Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems
24.3 Openings in Cargo Tanks
24.3.1 Cargo Tank Lids
24.3.2 Sighting and Ullage Ports
24.3.3 Cargo Tank Vent Outlets
24.3.4 Tank Washing Openings
24.4 Inspection of Ship’s Cargo Tanks Before Loading
24.5 Segregated Ballast Tank Lids
24.6 Ship and Shore Cargo Connections
24.6.1 Flange Connections
24.6.2 Removal of Blank Flanges
24.6.3 Reducers and Spools
24.6.4 Lighting
24.7 Accidental Oil Spillage and Leakage
24.7.1 General
24.7.2 Sea and Overboard Discharge Valves
24.7.3 Scupper Plugs
24.7.4 Spill Containment
24.7.5 Ship and Shore Cargo and Bunker Pipelines not in Use
24.8 Fire Fighting Equipment
24.9 Proximity to Other Vessels
24.9.1 Tankers at Adjacent Berths
24.9.2 General Cargo Ships at Adjacent Berths
24.9.3 Tanker Operations at General Cargo Berths
24.9.4 Tugs and Other Craft Alongside
24.10 Notices
24.10.1 Notices on the Tanker
24.10.2 Notices on the Terminal
24.11 Manning Requirements
24.12 Control of Naked Flames and Other Potential Ignition Sources
24.13 Helicopter Operations
25 BUNKERING OPERATIONS
25.1 General
25.2 Bunkering Procedures
25.3 The Bunkering Operation
25.4 The Bunkering Safety Check List
25.4.1 General
25.4.2 Guidelines for Use
25.4.3 Bunkering Safety Check List
26 SAFETY MANAGEMENT
26.1 Climatic Conditions26.1.1 Terminal Advice of Adverse Weather Conditions
26.1.2 Still Wind Conditions
26.1.3 Electrical Storms (Lightning)
26.2 Personnel Safety
26.2.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
26.2.2 Slip and Fall Hazards
26.2.3 Personal Hygiene
26.2.4 Clothing Made of Synthetic Materials
26.3 The Ship/Shore Safety Check List
26.3.1 General
26.3.2 Guidelines for Use
26.3.3 Ship/Shore Safety Check List
26.3.4 Example Safety Letter
26.4 Guidelines for Completing the Ship/Shore Safety Check List
26.5 Emergency Procedures
26.5.1 Fire or Explosion on a Berth
26.5.2 Fire on a Tanker at a Terminal
26.5.3 International Shore Fire Connection
26.5.4 Emergency Release Procedures
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